Table 2.
Sixteen studies identified for quantitative analysis of the cross‐contamination and infection risk. Values are number or mean (SD)
| Source | Study design | Period of investigation (months) | Country | Setting | Patient age (years) | Procedures | Patients | Cases of contamination | Cases of infection | Detection of contamination | Typing system used | Infection(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blanc et al. 68 | Observational | 6 | USA | NA | NA | 410 | 299a | 35 | 0 | Yes | Ribotyping | No infections |
| Botana‐Rial et al. 30 | Observational | 1 | Spain | BU | NA | 154 | 118a | 39 | 21 | Yes | REP‐PCR | Treatment to prevent the development of pneumonia |
| Chroneou et al. 63 | Observational | 2 | USA | NA | 71 (49–86) | 76a | 57 | 9 | 0 | Yes | REP‐PCR | No infections |
| DiazGranados et al. 35 | Observational | 2 | USA | BU | NA | 27a | 20 | 12 | 2 | Yes | PFGE | Pneumonia and sepsis |
| Waite et al. 64 | Retrospective | 12 | UK | ICU | NA | 63a | 47 | 18 | 0 | Yes | PFGE | No infections |
| Wang et al. 31 | Retrospective | 4 | Taiwan | NA | 60 (45–79) | 163a | 123 | 18 | 8 | Yes | AFB | Patients were treated as mycobacterial infected |
| Silva et al. 12 | Retrospective | 22 | USA | EU | NA | 429a | 324 | 41 | 0 | Yes | Ribotyping | No infections |
| Nye et al. 65 | Retrospective | 6 | UK | EU | 61 (40–80) | 58 | 7 | 7 | 0 | Yes | Culturing and lipid analysis | No infections |
| Guy et al. 32 | Retrospective | 7 | France | ICU | 62 (49–73) | 216 | 157 | 10 | 8 | Yes | PFGE | Treatment to prevent the development of pneumonia |
| Sammartino et al. 36 | Retrospective | 3 | USA | NA | 56 (36–76) | 19 | 19 | 11 | 1 | Yes | Serotyping | Pneumonia |
| Campagnaro et al. 66 | Retrospective | 5 | Australia | NA | NA | 65 | 65 | 12 | 0 | Yes | DNA probing | No infections |
| Corne et al. 28 | Retrospective | 8 | France | ICU | NA | 61 | 36 | 16 | 4 | Yes | PFGE | Pneumonia |
| Kirschke et al. 34 | Retrospective | 4 | USA | NA | 59 (24–88) | 66 | 60 | 20 | 1 | Yes | PFGE | Pneumonia |
| Srinivasan et al. 33 | Retrospective | 23 | USA | EU | NA | 665 | 414 | 39 | 39 | Yes | PFGE | Pneumonias, sepsis, respiratory tract infection |
| Pappas et al. 29 | Retrospective | 11 | USA | NA | NA | 195 | 187 | 72 | 2 | Yes | Culturing | No data |
| Cêtre et al. 67 | Observational/retrospective | 8 | France | EU | NA | 453 | 418 | 117 | 0 | Yes | PFGE | No infections |
| Total | 3120 | 2351 | 476 | 86 |
AFB, acid‐fast bacillus testing; BU, bronchoscopic unit; DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; EU, endoscopic unit; ICU, intensive care unit; NA, not available; PFGE, pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis; REP‐PCR, repetitive extragenic palindromic‐polymerase chain reaction.
a
Predicted data‐point.