Table 1.

Characteristics of studies included for famine exposure and the risk of metabolism syndrome.

First author, year	Continent	Study design	Age range Mean age (exposed/unexposed)	Definition of MetS	Study size (cases/participants)	Famine duration periods	Causes of famine	Adjustment for covariates
de Rooij, 2007	Europe	Cohort	58.0	NCEP-ATPIII	251/783	1944-1945	War	Gender
Guan, 2009	Asia	Cross-sectional	43-53	CDS 2004	1475/14917	1959-1961	Natural disaster	Age
Li, 2011	Asia	Cross-sectional	38-50	NCEP-ATPIII	646/7874	1959-1961	Natural disaster	Gender, family income, family history of diabetes and hypertension, educational level, current smoking, alcohol use, physical activity level, and BMI
Zheng, 2011	Asia	Cross-sectional	44-51	CDS 2004	756/5040	1959-1961	Natural disaster	Age
Keinan-Boker, 2015	Asia	Cross-sectional	69.4/69.2	Metabolic syndrome proxy	150/1086	1940-1945	War	Gender and age
Wang, 2015	Asia	Cross-sectional	40-55	IDF	NRa/6445	1959-1962	Natural disaster	Age, smoking, rural/urban residence, and economic status
Yu, 2018	Asia	Cohort	49-61	IDF	2396/7915	1959-1961	Natural disaster	Gender, education, smoking status, drinking status, physical activity, past history of CHD, family history of hypertension and diabetes, fruit intake, vegetable intake, meat intake, BMI, and famine severity
Han, 2019	Asia	Cross-sectional	53-80	NCEP-ATPIII	NRa/25708	1951-1953	War	Age, household income, smoking, drinking, and exercise status
Wang, 2019	Asia	Cross-sectional	51.8/54.0/55.5/48.9	CDS 2013	799/2148	1959-1961	Natural disaster	Gender, smoking status, drinking status, physical activity level, parents, and their own education level
Ning, 2019	Asia	Cross-sectional	51.3	CDS2013/NCEPATPIII/IDF	2809/9588	1959-1961	Natural disaster	Age, study cohort, residential area, sex, education levels, income levels, current smoking, and current drinking

^aNot reported.