Table 4.
Results of subgroup analysis for famine exposure and MetS risk.
| Subgroup | No. of studies | OR (95% CI) | I 2 (%) | P heterogeneity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study design | ||||
| Cross-sectional | 34 | 1.29 (1.18-1.42) | 54.4 | <0.001 |
| Cohort | 5 | 1.22 (1.11-1.35) | 40.0 | 0.154 |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 9 | 1.04 (0.96-1.13) | 32.7 | 0.156 |
| Female | 9 | 1.48 (1.31-1.67) | 0 | 0.615 |
| Male/female | 21 | 1.32 (1.21-1.45) | 39.9 | 0.031 |
| Exposure type | ||||
| Fetal | 14 | 1.27 (1.14-1.43) | 48.2 | 0.023 |
| Childhood | 20 | 1.29 (1.16-1.44) | 54.7 | 0.002 |
| Adolescence/adult | 5 | 1.03 (0.65-1.61) | 65.9 | 0.020 |
| Definition of MetS | ||||
| NCEP-ATPIII | 20 | 1.24 (1.14-1.35) | 6.0 | 0.382 |
| CDS 2004 | 5 | 1.25 (1.07-1.47) | 73.4 | 0.005 |
| CDS 2013 | 6 | 1.39 (1.24-1.55) | 0 | 0.594 |
| IDF | 13 | 1.21 (1.07-1.37) | 56.0 | 0.007 |
| Metabolic syndrome proxy | 1 | 2.14 (1.48-3.47) | — | — |
| Causes of famine | ||||
| Natural disaster | 29 | 1.28 (1.17-1.40) | 58.4 | <0.001 |
| War | 10 | 1.28 (1.13-1.46) | 20.9 | 0.251 |
| Adjust for age | ||||
| Yes | 23 | 1.27 (1.15-1.40) | 58.6 | <0.001 |
| No | 16 | 1.29 (1.13-1.46) | 40.9 | 0.046 |
| Adjust for smoking | ||||
| Yes | 32 | 1.15 (1.03-1.29) | 42.7 | 0.006 |
| No | 7 | 1.31 (1.12-1.54) | 73.5 | 0.001 |
| Adjust for drinking | ||||
| Yes | 26 | 1.28 (1.20-1.37) | 24.8 | 0.125 |
| No | 13 | 1.27 (1.09-1.47) | 72.2 | <0.001 |
| Adjust for physical activity | ||||
| Yes | 23 | 1.25 (1.16-1.35) | 28.3 | 0.102 |
| No | 16 | 1.29 (1.15-1.46) | 68.7 | <0.001 |