Table 2.
Baseline participant demographics, behavior, well-being, and health, overall and according to intervention group
| Characteristics | Total (N = 160) | PPI (N = 80) | Control (N = 80) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 51.1 ± 6.3 | 52.1 ± 6.5 | 50.0 ± 6.0 |
| Gender: Female | 127 (79) | 65 (81) | 62 (78) |
| Race | |||
| Chinese | 130 (81) | 67 (84) | 63 (79) |
| Malay | 14 (9) | 7 (9) | 7 (9) |
| Indian | 13 (8) | 5 (6) | 8 (10) |
| Others | 3 (2) | 1 (1) | 2 (2) |
| Education | |||
| Secondary and below | 84 (52) | 41 (51) | 43 (54) |
| Pre-tertiary | 46 (29) | 25 (31) | 21 (26) |
| University and above | 30 (19) | 14 (18) | 16 (20) |
| Work status: working | 121 (76) | 53 (66) | 68 (85) |
| Marriage: Currently married | 126 (79) | 66 (82) | 60 (75) |
| Household income (in Singapore Dollar per month) | |||
| Below 2000 | 34 (21) | 17 (21) | 17 (21) |
| 2000–3999 | 40 (25) | 20 (25) | 20 (25) |
| 4000–5999 | 34 (21) | 15 (19) | 19 (24) |
| 6000 and above | 52 (32) | 28 (35) | 24 (30) |
| Physical activity related behaviors | |||
| Total MVPA (min/week)a | 442.7 ± 534.7 | 475.7 ± 618.1 | 409.8 ± 437.2 |
| Recreational MVPA (min/week)a | 71.3 ± 157.5 | 85.0 ± 207.1 | 57.6 ± 81.7 |
| Sedentary time (hour/week)b | 39.6 ± 22.3 | 38.7 ± 22.7 | 40.5 ± 22.0 |
| Time spent in Park (min/month) | 171.4 ± 293.8 | 168.1 ± 303.2 | 174.7 ± 286.1 |
| PA in Park (min/month) | 130.3 ± 261.8 | 132.7 ± 296.6 | 127.9 ± 223.6 |
| Mental well-being | |||
| General health from SF-12 (range: 1–5) | 2.8 ± 0.8 | 2.8 ± 0.8 | 2.8 ± 0.7 |
| K10 total (range: 10–50) | 13.1 ± 3.6 | 12.7 ± 2.9 | 13.4 ± 4.1 |
| WHO5 total (range: 0–100) | 58.3 ± 22.3 | 58.1 ± 22.1 | 58.5 ± 22.6 |
| Physical Health | |||
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 5.05 ± 0.42 | 5.06 ± 0.41 | 5.04 ± 0.44 |
| High-density lipoprotein, HDL (mmol/L) | 1.56 ± 0.46 | 1.58 ± 0.50 | 1.53 ± 0.43 |
| Low-density lipoprotein, LDL (mmol/L) | 3.23 ± 0.87 | 3.44 ± 0.88 | 3.02 ± 0.81 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.27 ± 0.94 | 1.24 ± 0.60 | 1.30 ± 1.20 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHG) | 118.0 ± 11.5 | 117.8 ± 11.6 | 118.2 ± 11.6 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHG) | 71.3 ± 7.5 | 71.5 ± 7.7 | 71.2 ± 7.3 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.9 ± 4.1 | 24.2 ± 4.1 | 23.6 ± 4.1 |
Note: Data are mean ± SD or n (%) unless otherwise indicated
aSubjective measures based on GPAQ
bSubjective measures based on IPAQ