Table 3.
Evaluation of validity of the Swedish 5PQ
| 5PQ score | Sensitivity (%) (95% CI) | Specificity (%) (95% CI) | PPV (%) (95% CI) | NPV (%) (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BS according to present hypermobility with an age-dependent cut-off scorea | ||||
| = 0/5 | 100.00 (85.18, 100.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 1.40) | 8.10 (8.10, 8.10) | – |
| ≥ 1/5 | 95.65 (78.05, 99.89) | 34.10 (28.37, 40.20) | 11.34 (10.16, 12.64) | 98.89 (92.85, 99.84) |
| ≥ 2/5b | 91.30 (71.96, 98.93) | 74.71 (68.98, 79.87) | 24.14 (19.96, 28.88) | 98.98 (96.28, 99.73) |
| ≥ 3/5 | 56.52 (34.49, 76.81) | 91.57 (87.52, 94.64) | 37.14 (25.67, 50.27) | 95.98 (93.74, 97.45) |
| ≥ 4/5 | 30.43 (13.21, 52.92) | 97.32 (94.55, 98.92) | 50.00 (27.75, 72.25) | 94.07 (92.37, 95.42) |
| = 5/5 | 0.00 (0.00, 14.82) | 99.62 (97.88, 99.99) | 0 | 91.87 (91.82, 91.93) |
| BS according to present hypermobility ≥ 4/9a | ||||
| = 0/5 | 100.00 (92.45, 100.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 1.54) | 16.55 (16.55, 16.55) | – |
| ≥ 1/5 | 85.11 (71.69, 93.80) | 35.02 (28.96, 41.46) | 20.62 (18.24, 23.21) | 92.22 (85.42, 96.00) |
| ≥ 2/5b | 72.34 (57.36, 84.38) | 77.64 (71.79, 82.78) | 39.08 (32.31, 46.30) | 93.40 (89.87, 95.76) |
| ≥ 3/5 | 42.55 (28.26, 57.82) | 93.67 (89.78, 96.41) | 57.14 (42.45, 70.67) | 89.16 (86.51, 91.33) |
| ≥ 4/5 | 17.02 (7.65, 30.81) | 97.47 (94.57, 99.07) | 57.14 (32.66, 78.56) | 85.56 (83.86, 87.10) |
| = 5/5 | 0.00 (0.00, 7.55) | 99.58 (97.67, 99.99) | 0 | 83.39 (83.28, 83.51) |
5PQ The Five-part questionnaire on hypermobility
BS Beighton Score
PPV Positive predictive value
NPV Negative predictive value
a The Swedish 5PQ was tested against two different criteria of the reference standard test: 1) a present Beighton Score with an age-dependent cut-off of ≥5/9 for individuals 18–50 years and ≥ 4/9 for individuals > 50 years and 2) a present BS with the traditional cut-off of ≥4/9
b The recommended cut-off score for generalised joint hypermobility on the 5PQ [4]