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. 2020 Mar 17;11:121. doi: 10.1186/s13287-020-01626-6

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Levels of proinflammatory cytokines and densities of neural cells. a, b Levels of mRNA of interleukins IL-1α and IL-1β in the groups of mice: non-hydrocephalic (nh), hydrocephalic hyh non-injected (hni), hydrocephalic hyh sham-injected (sham), and hydrocephalic hyh BM-MSC-treated (BM-MSC). c–f Levels of mRNA, protein, and cell densities for CD45 and iba1 as microglia markers. g, g’ Immunofluorescence for iba1 in the neocortex of a hydrocephalic hyh mouse treated with BM-MSC and in a hydrocephalic hyh sham-injected mouse. h–j Levels of mRNA, protein, and cell densities for the GFAP astrocyte marker. k, k’ Immunofluorescence for GFAP in the neocortex of a hydrocephalic hyh mouse treated with BM-MSC and in a hydrocephalic hyh sham-injected mouse. l, m Densities of NG2+ and Olig2+ cells in tissue sections. n, n’ Immunofluorescence for NG2 (green) and Olig2 (red). o Densities of NeuN+ cells in sections of the neocortical layers 2–3 and 5. p, p’ Immunofluorescence for NeuN (green) in the neocortex. q Immunofluorescence for glutamine synthetase. The BM-MSC (mRFP1, red) present no reaction for glutamine synthetase (arrows). r Immunofluorescence for NG2. The BM-MSC present a weak immunoreaction (arrows) compared to NG2 cells (arrowheads). s Immunofluorescence for β-III tubulin (magenta) in BM-MSC (mRFP1, red) labeled with the green cell tracker in the neocortical wall. Arrowhead points to a β-III tubulin negative BM-MSC. Insets in r and s represent splitting of the channels showing immunolabeling for NG2 and cell tracker (green) and β-III tubulin (magenta) in the framed red fluorescent BM-MSC. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.02, ***P < 0.01 Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test