| Study | Reason for exclusion |
|---|---|
| Abrams 1973 | The reference standard was not used to separate those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia from the ones without a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Abrams 1981 | Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Ahmed 1984 | Participants did not present with psychotic symptoms. Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Al‐Ansari 1989 | All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Anselmetti 2007 | Participants did not present with psychotic symptoms. The reference standard was not used to separate those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia from the ones without a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Asnis 1982 | All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Basu 1999 | Assessors not blinded to diagnosis in a retrospective study. |
| Beckmann 1990 | Participants did not present with psychotic symptoms. The reference standard was not used to separate those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia from the ones without a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Berner 1984 | Participants did not present with psychotic symptoms. The reference standard was not used to separate those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia from the ones without a diagnosis of schizophrenia. FRS not routinely performed on patients in study. |
| Berner 1986 | FRS not routinely performed on patients in study. Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Berner 1986a | Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Bland 1978 | All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Bland 1979 | Participants did not present with psychotic symptoms. All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. The reference standard was not used to separate those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia from the ones without a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Botros 2006 | All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Burbach 1984 | The reference standard was not used to separate those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia from the ones without a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Cardno 2002 | Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Ceccherini‐Nelli 2003 | All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. FRS not routinely performed on patients in study. Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. Assessors not blinded to diagnosis in a retrospective study. |
| Cernovsky 1985 | All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Chandrasena 1979 | The reference standard was not used to separate those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia from the ones without a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Coffey 1993 | Participants did not present with psychotic symptoms. The reference standard was not used to separate those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia from the ones without a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Assessors not blinded to diagnosis in a retrospective study. |
| Compton 2008 | Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. The reference standard was not used to separate those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia from the ones without a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Conus 2004 | Participants did not present with psychotic symptoms. The reference standard was not used to separate those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia from the ones without a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Cowell 1996 | All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Craddock 1996 | Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. FRS not routinely performed on patients in study. |
| Cuesta 2007 | Participants did not present with psychotic symptoms. FRS not routinely performed on patients in study. Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Deister 1993 | All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Deister 1994 | Participants did not present with psychotic symptoms. All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. FRS not routinely performed on patients in study. |
| Dollfus 1992 | Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Dollfus 1993 | All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Dollfus 1993a | Participants did not present with psychotic symptoms. Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. FRS not routinely performed on patients in study. |
| Endicott 1982 | Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. FRS not routinely performed on patients in study. |
| Endicott 1986 | Participants did not present with psychotic symptoms. The reference standard was not used to separate those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia from the ones without a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Eva 1984 | All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Evans 1981 | All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Fanous 2012 | All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. The reference standard was not used to separate those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia from the ones without a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Fourneret 2001 | Participants did not present with psychotic symptoms. All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. The reference standard was not used to separate those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia from the ones without a diagnosis of schizophrenia. FRS not routinely performed on patients in study. Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Franck 2002 | All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Ganesan 2005 | Participants did not present with psychotic symptoms. All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. The reference standard was not used to separate those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia from the ones without a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Gharagozlou 1979 | Participants did not present with psychotic symptoms. |
| Gift 1980 | Participants did not present with psychotic symptoms. Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. FRS not routinely performed on patients in study. |
| Glazer 1987 | Participants did not present with psychotic symptoms. FRS not routinely performed on patients in study. Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Gur 1994 | Participants did not present with psychotic symptoms. The reference standard was not used to separate those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia from the ones without a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Gureje 1987 | All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Hayashi 1998 | Participants did not present with psychotic symptoms. All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. FRS not routinely performed on patients in study. |
| Helmes 1983 | Participants did not present with psychotic symptoms. Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Hill 1996 | Participants did not present with psychotic symptoms. The reference standard was not used to separate those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia from the ones without a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Idrees 2010 | All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Jakobsen 2006 | Participants did not present with psychotic symptoms. The reference standard was not used to separate those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia from the ones without a diagnosis of schizophrenia. FRS not routinely performed on patients in study. |
| Kendell 1979 | Participants did not present with psychotic symptoms. FRS not routinely performed on patients in study. Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Klosterkotter 1992 | All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Koehler 1976 | All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Koehler 1978 | FRS not routinely performed on patients in study. Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Kulhara 1988 | All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Kulhara 1989 | All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Landmark 1986 | Participants did not present with psychotic symptoms. FRS not routinely performed on patients in study. Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Landmark 1990 | All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Lenz 1986 | Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Lewine 1982 | All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. The reference standard was not used to separate those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia from the ones without a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Lewine 1984 | Participants did not present with psychotic symptoms. Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Littlewood 1981 | Participants did not present with psychotic symptoms. FRS not routinely performed on patients in study. Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Loftus 2000 | All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Maier 1986 | The reference standard was not used to separate those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia from the ones without a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Makanjuola 1987 | All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. The reference standard was not used to separate those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia from the ones without a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Malik 1990 | All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. The reference standard was not used to separate those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia from the ones without a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Marneros 1984 | Participants did not present with psychotic symptoms. No index tests for comparison. Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Mason 1997 | Participants did not present with psychotic symptoms. The reference standard was not used to separate those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia from the ones without a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Matsuura 2004 | Participants did not present with psychotic symptoms. The reference standard was not used to separate those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia from the ones without a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Mauri 1992 | Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. FRS not routinely performed on patients in study. |
| McGuffin 1984 | Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| McGuffin 1991 | The reference standard was not used to separate those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia from the ones without a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Melges 1977 | Participants did not present with psychotic symptoms. Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Mellor 1970 | All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Menezes 1993 | Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Modestin 2003 | All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Munk‐Jorgensen 1989 | All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. The reference standard was not used to separate those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia from the ones without a diagnosis of schizophrenia. FRS not routinely performed on patients in study. Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Nakaya 2002 | All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Ndetei 1984 | Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Nordgaard 2008 | Participants did not present with psychotic symptoms. |
| Pela 1982 | Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Peralta 1992 | Participants did not present with psychotic symptoms. Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table |
| Philipp 1986 | The reference standard was not used to separate those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia from the ones without a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Philipp 1986a | The reference standard was not used to separate those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia from the ones without a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Pihlajamaa 2008 | All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Ross 1991 | Participants did not present with psychotic symptoms. |
| Salvatore 2011 | Participants did not present with psychotic symptoms. FRS not routinely performed on patients in study. |
| Schanda 1984 | The reference standard was not used to separate those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia from the ones without a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Schiopu 2005 | All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Serban 1979 | All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Silverstein 1978 | All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Silverstein 1981 | Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Sougey 1987 | All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Taylor 1972 | All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Thorup 2007 | The reference standard was not used to separate those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia from the ones without a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Vazquez‐Barquero 1995 | The reference standard was not used to separate those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia from the ones without a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
| Vega 2006 | Participants did not present with psychotic symptoms. |
| Wciorka 1995 | Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Wetterberg 1991 | Participants did not present with psychotic symptoms. FRS not routinely performed on patients in study. No index tests for comparison. Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. |
| Young 1982 | All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Data insufficient to construct appropriate 2 x 2 table. FRS not routinely performed on patients in study. |
| Zarrouk 1978 | All participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
FRS: First Rank Symptoms