Table 2.
Overall associations of academic and educational influence factors on self-confidence, self-rated knowledge, and objective knowledge
| Certificate in intensive care (CIC) | Senior consultant status | Time spent on ICU | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non CIC (Mean ± SD) | CIC (Mean ± SD) | pa | OR CIC (95% CI) | p-MLRMb | Non senior (Mean ± SD) | Senior (Mean ± SD) | pa | OR Senior (95% CI) | p-MLRMb | Non ICU Mean ± SD) | ICU Mean ± SD) | Pa | 1–50% ICU OR (95% CI) | p-MLRMb | 50–100% OR (95% CI) | p-MLRMb | 100% OR (95% CI) | p-MLRMb | |
| Self-confidence | 2.59 ± 0.45 | 2.97 ± 0.42 | < 0.001** | 2.52 (1.37–4.65) | 0.003* | 2.65 ± 0.41 | 2.92 ± 0.51 | < 0.001** | 1.67 (0.91–3.05) | 0.098 | 2.52 ± 0.46 | 2.91 ± 0.42 | < 0.001** | 4.73 (2.55–8.77) | < 0.001** | 4.45 (1.90–9.99) | < 0.001** | 4.55 (1.86–11.09) | 0.001* |
| Self-rated knowledge | 2.59 ± 0.45 | 2.96 ± 0.44 | <0.001** | 3.62 (1.90-6.90 | <0.001** | 2.63 ± 0.40 | 2.91 ± 0.54 | 0.005* | 1.17 (0.64–2.14) | 0.617 | 2.47 ± 0.43 | 2.90 ± 0.44 | <0.001** | 2.92 (1.63–5.25) | <0.001** | 4.89 (2.07–11.59) | <0.001** | 11.55 (3.33–40.00) | <0.001** |
| Objective knowledge | 3.17/5 ± 1.0 | 3.38/5 ± 1.08 | 0.029* | 1.60 (0.96–2.68) | 0.74 | 3.23/5 ± 0.97 | 3.20/5 ± 1.12 | 0.265 | 0.91 (0.54–1.51) | 0.708 | 3.17/5 ± 1.08 | 3.32/5 ± 0.10 | 0.638 | 1.06 (0.62–1.81) | 0.823 | 0.3 (0.42–1.62) | 0.579 | 1.20 (0.60–2.41) | 0.605 |
Results from the comparison of means and the logistic regression adjusted for the following criteria (1) additional certification in intensive care, (2) senior consultant status, (3) work on the intensive care unit within 12 preceding months, (4) self-contained anti-infective medication during 7 preceding workdays, (5) participants gender; Item-wise comparisons have been computed using the Kruskal–Wallis Test. The Kruskal–Wallis Test as well as the MLRM compare the self-confidence levels very unconfident and unconfident vs confident and very confident for self-confidence, no knowledge and little knowledge vs. knowledge and full-knowledge for self-rated knowledge as well as individuals with more than 60% correct answers vs. others for objective knowledge, respectively. The German physicians can obtain an additional certification post residency after one additional year of full-time work on an intensive care unit The German physicians can obtain an additional certification post residency after one additional year of full-time work on an intensive care unit
All values are provided as mean ± standard deviation (SD) for participants with the respective attribute. For objective knowledge the reference refers to the mean number of questions (/5) answered correctly. (a) p-values for unadjusted comparisons; (b) p value from the logistic regression model
ICU intensive care unit, SD standard deviation, OR Odd’s ratio, CI confidence interval, P-LRM p-values gathered from the LRM
*p < 0.05
**p < 0.001