Table 3.
Univariate logistic regression analysis of maternal factors associated with PPH (N = 1833)
| n (%) | None PPH (n = 1613) |
PPH (n = 220) |
P-Value | Crude OR (95% CI) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | ||||
| Anemia | |||||||
| No | 1688 (92.1) | 1499 | 92.9 | 114 | 7.1 | Ref. | |
| Yes | 145 (7.9) | 189 | 85.9 | 31 | 14.1 | 0.001 | 2.16 (1.37, 3.40) |
| Past history of PPH | |||||||
| No | 1824 (99.5) | 1608 | 88.2 | 216 | 11.8 | Ref. | |
| Yes | 9 (0.5%) | 5 | 55.6 | 4 | 44.4 | 0.01 | 5.65 (1.42, 22.47) |
| Perineum lacerations | |||||||
| Intact | 377 (20.6) | 356 | 94.4 | 21 | 5.6 | Ref. | |
| First Degree | 332 (18.1) | 282 | 84.9 | 50 | 15.1 | 1.98 (0.97, 4.05) | |
| Second Degree | 1096 (59.8) | 958 | 87.4 | 138 | 12.6 | 1.86 (1.01, 3.45) | |
| Third and Fourth degree | 28 (1.5) | 17 | 60.7 | 11 | 39.3 | < 0.001 | 9.75 (3.25, 29.24) |
| -Retained placenta** | |||||||
| No | 1781 (97.2) | 1607 | 90.2 | 174 | 9.8 | Ref. | |
| Yes | 52 (2.8) | 6 | 11.5 | 46 | 88.5 | < 0.001 | 52.25 (19.03,143.46) |
| -Poor ut.contractions** | |||||||
| No | 1725 (94.1) | 1606 | 93.1 | 119 | 6.9 | Ref. | |
| Yes | 108 (5.9) | 7 | 6.5 | 101 | 93.5 | < 0.001 | 172.69 (76.89,387.85) |
| Baby birth weight | |||||||
| < 2500 g | 109 (5.9) | 100 | 91.7 | 9 | 8.3 | 0.87 (0.42, 1.78) | |
| 2500-3500 g | 1487 (81.1) | 1327 | 89.2 | 160 | 10.8 | Ref. | |
| > 3500 g | 237 (12.9) | 186 | 78.5 | 51 | 21.5 | < 0.001 | 3.05 (1.44, 6.44) |
| Duration of labor | |||||||
| 1st stage of labor | |||||||
| < 10 h. | 1344 (73.3) | 1189 | 88.5 | 155 | 11.5 | Ref. | |
| > 10 h. | 489 (26.7) | 424 | 86.7 | 65 | 13.3 | 0.305 | 1.09 (0.79, 1.51) |
| 2nd stage of labor | |||||||
| < 1 h. | 1774 (96.8) | 1573 | 88.7 | 201 | 11.3 | Ref. | |
| > 1 h. | 59 (3.2) | 40 | 67.8 | 19 | 32.2 | < 0.001* | 3.56 (1.98, 6.41) |
| 3rd stage of labor | |||||||
| < 20 min | 1760 (96.0) | 1575 | 89.5 | 185 | 10.5 | Ref. | |
| > 20 min | 73 (4.0) | 38 | 52.1 | 35 | 47.9 | < 0.001* | 7.69 (4.72, 12.54) |
OR odds ratio; CI confidence interval; * = P-values < 0.05, statistical significant at level 0.05, ** = adjusted variables.