Table 2.
The results of confirmatory factor Analysis: Factor loadings, composite reliability (CR), and average variance extracted (AVE)
| Construct | items | loadings | CR | AVE | Convergent Validity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enjoyment | q1 | 0.94 | 0.97 | 0.82 | Yes |
| q2 | 0.93 | ||||
| q3 | 0.91 | ||||
| q4 | 0.89 | ||||
| q5 | 0.95 | ||||
| q6 | 0.94 | ||||
| q7 | 0.87 | ||||
| q8 | 0.83 | ||||
| q9 | 0.82 | ||||
| q10 | 0.97 | ||||
| Hope | q11 | 0.94 | 0.98 | 0.89 | Yes |
| q12 | 0.93 | ||||
| q13 | 0.96 | ||||
| q14 | 0.92 | ||||
| q15 | 0.97 | ||||
| q16 | 0.93 | ||||
| Pride | q17 | 0.95 | 0.97 | 0.88 | Yes |
| q18 | 0.94 | ||||
| q19 | 0.92 | ||||
| q20 | 0.93 | ||||
| q21 | 0.96 | ||||
| q22 | 0.93 | ||||
| Self-efficacy | q23 | 0.94 | 0.98 | 0.88 | Yes |
| q24 | 0.90 | ||||
| q25 | 0.95 | ||||
| q26 | 0.93 | ||||
| q27 | 0.96 | ||||
| q28 | 0.91 | ||||
| q29 | 0.97 | ||||
| q30 | 0.94 | ||||
| Metacognitive learning strategies | q31 | 0.90 | 0.98 | 0.87 | Yes |
| q32 | 0.95 | ||||
| q33 | 0.98 | ||||
| q34 | 0.70 | ||||
| q35 | 0.96 | ||||
| q36 | 0.95 | ||||
| q37 | 0.93 | ||||
| q38 | 0.98 | ||||
| q39 | 0.92 | ||||
| q40 | 0.95 | ||||
| q41 | 0.98 | ||||
| q42 | 0.97 |