Table 2.
Mixed model values listed as mean difference from the reference time. The reference time was set to 30 min after initiation of Impella CP support
| Epinephrine | Dopamine | Norepinephrine | Phenylephrine | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean difference (95% CI) | Mean difference (95% CI) | Mean difference (95% CI) | Mean difference (95% CI) | |
| Stroke work (mmHg × mL) |
1175 (279, 2070) p = 0.01 |
1974 (1111, 2838) p < 0.0001 |
1086 (260, 1912) p = 0.01 |
604 (− 116, 1324) p = 0.1 |
| Potential energy (mmHg × mL) |
324 (− 1016, 1664) p = 0.636 |
− 53 (− 1346, 1239) p = 0.936 |
929 (− 306, 2165) p = 0.140 |
2220 (1142, 3298) p < 0.0001 |
| PVA (mmHg × mL) |
1506 (121, 2890) p = 0.033 |
1928 (593, 3263) p = 0.005 |
2023 (746, 3299) p = 0.002 |
2824 (1711, 3938) p < 0.0001 |
| Heart rate (BPM) |
15 (3, 28) p = 0.016 |
29 (17, 41) p < 0.0001 |
3 (−8, 15) p = 0.554 |
32 (22, 42) p < 0.0001 |
| LV work 103 × (mmHg × mL)/min |
202.2 (28.3, 376.1) p = 0.023 |
341.8 (174.1, 509.5) p < 0.0001 |
186.3 (26, 346.6) p = 0.023 |
437.8 (297.9, 577.6) p < 0.0001 |
| LVEDP (mmHg) |
3 (− 0.5, 7) p = 0.086 |
0 (− 3.4, 3.8) p = 0.903 |
1 (−2.4, 4.4) p = 0.571 |
6 (2.6, 8.5) p < 0.0001 |
| LVEDV (mL) |
− 8 (− 30, 15) p = 0.510 |
− 15 (− 37, 7) p = 0.175 |
0 (− 21, 21) p = 0.978 |
18 (0.2, 37) p = 0.047 |
| LVESP (mmHg) |
23 (7.1, 39.6) p = 0.005 |
29 (13.6, 44.8) p < 0.0001 |
28 (12.7, 42.6) p < 0.0001 |
34 (21.3, 47.4) p < 0.0001 |
| LVESV (mL) |
− 23 (− 48, 2) p = 0.074 |
− 36 (− 60, − 12) p = 0.003 |
−10 (− 33, 12) p = 0.371 |
14 (− 6, 34) p = 0.170 |
| Es (mmHg/mL) |
0.75 (− 0.15, 1.65) p = 0.101 |
1.75 (0.87, 2.62) p < 0.0001 |
0.42 (− 0.41, 1.25) p = 0.324 |
0.29 (− 0.44, 1.01) p = 0.78 |
| Ea (mmHg/mL) |
− 0.17 (− 1.64, 1.3) p = 0.823 |
− 0.29 (− 1.71, 1.13) p = 0.687 |
0.57 (− 0.79, 1.92) p = 0.411 |
1.52 (0.34, 2.7) p = 0.012 |
| Ea/Ees ratio |
− 2.3 (− 4.92, 0.33) p = 0.086 |
− 2.81 (− 5.34, − 0.28) p = 0.029 |
− 1.36 (− 3.78, 1.06) P = 0.270 |
1.13 (− 0.99, 4.23) p = 0.296 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) |
10 (− 3.9, 23.9) p = 0.157 |
20 (6.4, 33) p = 0.004 |
13 (0.8, 25.7) p = 0.037 |
6 (− 5.1, 17.5) p = 0.282 |
| Right atrial pressure (mmHg) |
− 2 (− 3.6, 0.2) p = 0.082 |
−3 (− 5, − 1.3) p = 0.001 |
− 2 (− 3.7, − 0.3) p = 0.024 |
2 (0.4, 3.5) p = 0.016 |
| Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mmHg) |
− 2 (− 7.3, 4.3) p = 0.616 |
2 (− 3.7, 7.5) p = 0.513 |
1 (− 3.7, 6.1) p = 0.586 |
9 (4.7, 14.1) p < 0.0001 |
| Hemoglobin (mmol/L) |
0.64 (− 0.16, 1.45) p = 0.115 |
0.52 (− 0.26, 1.3) p = 0.193 |
0 (− 0.63, 0.81) p = 0.806 |
1.2 (− 0.51, 1.9) p = 0.001 |
For abbreviations, see Table 1. Mixed model values listed as mean difference from reference time with 95% CI. The reference time was set to 30 min after initiation of Impella CP support. A value of P < 0.05 was considered significant