Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population
| Characteristic | HC (n = 12) | Value for cohort (na)b or statistic | p valuec | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KSD-NTN (n = 12) | KSD-pHTN (n = 11) | KSD-HTN (n = 27) | |||
| Male [no. (%)] | 9 (75.00) | 6 (50.00) | 4 (36.00) | 23 (85.10) | 0.013 |
| Married status [no. (%)] | 12 (100.00) | 12 (100.00) | 11 (100.00) | 27 (100.00) | 1.000 |
| Age | 58.91 ± 18.97 | 47.33 ± 14.95 | 54.09 ± 13.03 | 54.74 ± 12.36 | 0.270 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.08 ± 3.33 | 22.67 ± 2.13 | 24.38 ± 1.69 | 25.82 ± 2.80 | 0.011 |
| History of drinking | 0 (0.00) | 1 (8.33) | 2 (18.18) | 1 (3.70) | 0.291 |
| History of smoking | 0 (0.00) | 1 (8.33) | 1 (9.09) | 4 (14.81) | 0.546 |
| Urinary tract infection in previous 1 month | 0 (0.00) | 1 (8.33) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0.340 |
| Duration of stones (years) | 0.375 | ||||
| < 0.5 year [no. (%)] | NA | 11 (91.67) | 10 (90.91) | 25 (92.59) | |
| 0.5 to 1 year [no. (%)] | NA | 1 (8.33) | 1 (9.09) | 0 (0.00) | |
| > 1 year [no. (%)] | NA | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (7.41) | |
| Duration of hypertension (years) | NA | NA | NA | 4.48 ± 4.59 | NA |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 121.83 ± 5.52 | 113.58 ± 8.35 | 131.45 ± 7.46 | 151.11 ± 9.68 | 0.000 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74.92 ± 7.79 | 70.33 ± 4.64 | 80.64 ± 7.06 | 92.00 ± 9.74 | 0.000 |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Type 2 diabetic mellitus [no. (%)] | 0 | 1 (8.33) | 4 (36.36) | 5 (18.52) | 0.055 |
| Coronary heart disease [no. (%)] | 0 | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (7.41) | 0.332 |
| Serum creatinine (μmol/L) | 68.90 ± 10.77 | 72.89 ± 21.90 | 73.78 ± 28.80 | 93.56 ± 40.36 | 0.069 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 5.75 ± 1.61 | 5.75 ± 1.14 | 5.06 ± 1.43 | 6.20 ± 2.25 | 0.387 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 97.45 ± 13.96 | 95.58 ± 20.95 | 89.91 ± 21.80 | 82.89 ± 26.19 | 0.209 |
| Urinary pH | 6.34 ± 0.65 | 6.38 ± 0.88 | 5.77 ± 0.82 | 6.39 ± 1.12 | 0.314 |
HC healthy controls, HTN hypertension, KSD kidney stone disease, NA not applicable, NTN normotension, pHTN pre-hypertension
an, no. of subjects
bMean ± SD or no. (%)
cFisher’s exact test was used for categorical variables and one-way analysis of variance was used to compare continuous variables