Table II.
Predominant microbial communities associated with OSCC.
| Bacterial species | Localization (206) | Refs. | Type of sample |
|---|---|---|---|
| Actinomyces spp | Tooth surface | (52) | Saliva samples |
| Bacteroides spp | Gingival crevice | (110,111,187) | Saliva samples |
| Bifidobacterium spp | Tooth surface | (112,113) | Plaque biofilm samples |
| Capnocytophaga spp | Gingival crevice Tongue | (49) | Samples of gingival SCC and normal gingiva |
| (50) | Oral rinse | ||
| (51) | Saliva samples | ||
| (53) | Oral swabs | ||
| (117) | Oral rinse | ||
| (181–184) | Samples of oral tumour and precancerous leukoplakia Samples of tongue and floor SCC and normal tissues | ||
| Catonella spp | Gingival crevice | (175) | Oral swabs |
| Clostridium spp | Gingival crevice | (52) | Saliva samples |
| Dialister spp | Gingival crevice | (175) | Oral swabs |
| Enterobacteriaceae spp | Gingival crevice | (52) | Saliva samples |
| Enterococcus spp | Tongue, tooth surface | (53) | Saliva samples |
| Filifactor spp | Gingival crevice | (175) | Oral swabs |
| Firmicutes spp | Gingival crevice | (187) | Saliva samples |
| Fusobacteria spp | Gingival crevice | (51) | Saliva samples |
| (117) | Oral swabs | ||
| (175) | OSCC biopsies and deep- | ||
| (176) | epithelium swabs | ||
| (180) | Oral rinse | ||
| Haemophilus spp | Oropharynx | (52) | Saliva samples |
| Tonsil | (181) | Oral rinse | |
| Lactobacillus spp | Tooth surface | (112,113) | Plaque biofilm samples |
| Lactococcus spp | Tooth surface | (112,113) | Plaque biofilm samples |
| Leuconostoc spp | Tooth surface | (112,113) | Plaque biofilm samples |
| Oribacterium spp | Gingival crevice Tooth surface | (181) | Oral rinse |
| Paludibacter spp | Gingival crevice Tooth surface | (181) | Oral rinse |
| Parvimonas spp | Gingival crevice | (53) | Saliva samples |
| Tooth surface | (175) | Oral swabs | |
| Pediococcus spp | Tooth surface | (112,113) | Plaque biofilm samples |
| Peptococcus spp | Gingival crevice | (175) | Oral swabs |
| Peptostreptococcus spp | Tooth surface | (51) | Saliva samples |
| Gingival crevice | (53) | Samples of dental abscess, | |
| (90) | endodontic or pericoronal | ||
| (114) | infection, periodontal pocket | ||
| (175) | Oral swabs | ||
| (183) | Samples of tongue and floor | ||
| (184) | SCC and normal tissues | ||
| Porphyromonas gingivalis | Tongue | (47–49) | Samples of gingival SCC |
| Gingival crevice | (51,53) | and normal gingiva | |
| (90) | Saliva samples | ||
| (183) | Samples of tongue and floor | ||
| (184) | SCC and normal tissues | ||
| Prevotella intermedia | Gingival crevice | (50,51) | Oral rinse |
| (90) | Saliva samples | ||
| Rothia spp | Gingival crevice | (122) | Oral rinse |
| Tooth surface | |||
| Slackia spp | Gingival crevice | (53) | Saliva samples |
| Streptococcus spp | Gingival crevice | (50) | Oral rinse |
| Oropharynx | (51) | Saliva samples | |
| Tooth surface | (52) | Samples of oral tumour and | |
| Tonsil | (90) | precancerous leukoplakia | |
| Gingival crevice | (122) | ||
| Oropharynx | (124) | ||
| Tooth Surface | (125) | ||
| Tonsil | (182) |