. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Apr 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Educ Psychol. 2019 Jun 20;112(3):608–627. doi: 10.1037/edu0000382

Table 5.

Parameters for the multiple group LCS model

	Without an LD		With an LD
Parameter	Vocab	RC	Vocab	RC
Initial mean status, μ_intercept	−0.91^***	0.04^***	−1.07^***	−1.24^***
Linear slope, η_slope	0.89^***	1.05^***	0.69^***	0.65^***
Auto-Regression,β	−0.03^**	−0.60^***	−0.11^**	−0.38^***
Cross-lagged effects,γ
RC → Δ Vocab	−0.11^***		0
Vocab → Δ RC	0.20^***		0
Variances:
Intercepts, $σ_{0}^{2}$	0.77^***	0.73^***	0.79^***	0.42^***
Slopes, $σ_{s}^{2}$	0.03^***	0.10^***	0.04^***	0.11^***
Residual Errors, $σ_{e}^{2}$	0.24^***	0.21^***	0.24^***	0.21^***
Covariances:
Vocab μ_intercept↔ Vocab μ_slope	01^ns		.36^*
Vocab μ_intercept↔ RC μ_intercept	49^***		.34^***
Vocab μ_intercept↔ RC μ_slope	.28^***		.32^***
RC μ_intercept↔ RC μ_slope	.60^***		.53^***
RC μ_intercept↔ Vocab μ_slope	.53^***		.19^*
RC μ_intercept↔ Vocab μ_slope	.51^***		.51^***

Note. Vocab= PPVT vocabulary; RC = SAT reading comprehension.

^ns

= not significant

^***

= p < .001

^**

= p < .01

= p < .05.

Residual variances were fixed across groups; all other parameters were freely estimated across groups.