Table 4.

Hierarchical Linear Modeling Results for Gaze Duration (Milliseconds) as a Function of Students’ Grade Level, Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary, and Vocabulary by Item Type Interaction

Fixed Effect	Coefficient	Standard Error	t-ratio	Approx d.f.	p-value
Word vs. Non-word Task
For Word targets, ψ0
Fitted mean, γ00	236.738	66.047	3.584	119	<0.001
Grade level, γ01	−4.100	16.910	−0.242	119	0.809
Reading comprehension, γ02	−0.086	0.423	−0.203	119	0.840
Vocabulary, γ03	−0.427	0.495	−0.864	119	0.390
For Non-word targets, ψ1
Item type, γ10	109.899	12.547	8.759	2298	<0.001
Vocabulary x item type, γ11	0.569	0.281	2.026	2298	0.043
Plausible vs. Implausible Task
For Plausible targets, ψ0
Fitted mean, γ00	212.011	50.754	4.177	119	<0.001
Grade level, γ01	−3.631	13.092	−0.277	119	0.782
Reading comprehension, γ02	−0.178	0.314	−0.568	119	0.571
Vocabulary, γ03	−0.965	0.432	−2.235	119	0.027
For Implausible targets, ψ1
Item type, γ10	3.475	9.618	0.361	2322	0.718
Vocabulary x item type, γ11	0.926	0.307	3.018	2322	0.003
Random Effect	Standard Deviation	Variance Component	d.f.	χ2	p-value
Word vs. Non-word Task
Intercept, u0	130.344	16989.585	119	585.035	<0.001
level-1, e	291.007	84685.159
Plausible vs. Implausible Task
Intercept, u0	94.113	8857.322	119	539.457	<0.001
level-1, e	223.439	49925.016

Note.

Gaze Duration _mj = γ₀₀ + γ₀₁*(Grade level)_j + γ₀₂*(Comprehension)_j + γ₀₃*( Vocabulary )_j + γ₁₀*(item type)_mj + γ₁₁(Vocabulary)_j (Item type) _mj + u_0j + e_mj