Ciliostasis after vaccination with IBV H52 BI and rIBVs in chickens. The maximal ciliostasis score per animal is 40, which indicates complete ciliostasis in all 10 transversal tracheal sections examined. Ciliostasis in 1-day-old chickens determined 7 days after vaccination with IBV H52 BI, rIBV-wt, rIBV-Δ3a, rIBV-Δ3b, rIBV-Δ5a, rIBV-Δ5b, or non-vaccinated controls. *, significant difference (P<0.05) in comparison with wild-type H52 viruses.