Table 1. Site characteristics and classification of soil profiles.

Mean annual precipitation (MAP) and mean annual air temperature (MAAT) are taken from Giambelluca 2013 and 2014, respectively. NRCS SCAN stations at 2842 and 1949m were used in determining soil moisture and temperature regimes. We determined GFP11 & GFP10 to be cryic soils by their monthly air temperatures, and because they are colder than the 2842m station, which has soil temperatures on the colder end of the frigid range. We determined GFP11 & GFP10 to be xeric soils by their monthly rainfall, which shows the little rainfall they receive falls primarily in the winter. We determined GFP09 is an ustic soil by the 2842m station that has an ustic soil moisture regime and has similar rainfall and air temperatures. We determined GFP08 is an udic soil by rainfall data. The 1949m station has udic soil conditions, thus we determined all sites receiving similar or higher precipitations (≥~2200mm/yr), and were at lower elevations were also udic. We used the USDA Soil Survey to corroborate moisture and temperature regimes for all sites except GFP11 and GFP10, which lacked such information. Andic soil properties were determined by the sum of Al and 1/2Fe in acid ammonium oxalate extractions.

Water Balance	Elevation	MAP	MAAT	Vegetation	Soil
(mm/y)	(m)	(mm)	(°C)		Classification
−1190	3334	534	6	Barren	Xeric Vitricryand
−1240	3048	635	7	Pūkiawe, sparse	Xeric Vitricryand
−1100	2700	780	8	Māmane & Eurasian grasses	Typic Ustivitrand
−430	2435	1096	9	Eurasian grasses	Pachic Haplustand
100	2127	1578	10	Eurasian grasses	Histic Epiaquand
670	1831	2092	11	Eurasian grasses	Aquic Placudand
2000	1526	3479	13	Koa & ferns	Terric Haplohemist
4300	1246	5678	15	‘Ōhi’a & ferns	Terric Haplohemist