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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Prog Mater Sci. 2019 Jul 17;106:100589. doi: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2019.100589

Figure 1.2:

Figure 1.2:

Next-generation material-tissue interfaces function through the synergy of multiple material-environment interactions. These interactions range from simple (anion-cation) to complex (protein-protein). Biomaterials are fabricated into rational assemblies by chemical crosslinking, self-assembly, patterning, or printing. The resulting cell-material or material-tissue interfaces can navigate the physiological environment and/or mimic native bioactivity as components of pharmaceutical formulations, biosensors, and bioinspired machinery.