FIG. 13.
Inertial forces. (a) A simple double-well lattice subject to modulation, creating (b) experimentally tunable hopping phases. (c) Shaking or tilting in 1D gives rise to a uniform Peierls phase factor that shifts the minima of the tight-binding band structure (Struck et al., 2012). (d) Shaking in 2D can break time-reversal symmetry giving rise to topological lattices.