FIG. 3.

(a) Real-space honeycomb lattice for the Haldane model. (b) Illustration of the unit vector e(q) in the topological phase of the Haldane model. The dashed line shows the conventional BZ, whose corners are the points Q_±. The arrows show the projection of e(q) on the plane (e_x, e_y), while the colors and contours indicate e_z. The unit vector wraps once over the sphere within the BZ, indicating the topological character with $\mathcal{C}$ = 1.