| Study | Reason for exclusion |
|---|---|
| Chowdhury 1979 | Violation of informed consent: sham IUD insertion arm |
| Goldsmith 1972 | Violation of informed consent: sham IUD insertion arm |
| NCT00737178 | Immediate was defined as one week |
| Querido 1985 | Although reported to be randomised assignment, methods reveal alternate allocation. Allocation concealment not possible. |
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