Karnick 2007.

Methods	STUDY DESIGN: Parallel group randomised controlled trial LOCATION, NUMBER OF CENTRES: USA, Mount Sinai Hospital ED & referrals to paediatric chest unit DURATION OF STUDY: 9 months No blinding of outcome assessor
Participants	N SCREENED: Not reported N RANDOMISED: 212 (intervention i: 68; intervention ii: 70; control: 74) N COMPLETED: 165 M = 127 F = 85 MEAN AGE: 4 years BASELINE DETAILS: Medicaid: 89%; mean ED visits (baseline year): 1.87; hospital admissions: 1.04; unscheduled clinic visits: 2.84 INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1 to 16 years; recruitment through Mount Sinai Hospital ED or referral to specialist paediatric chest unit EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Other significant chronic disease
Interventions	EDUCATION GROUP 1: Reinforced education ‐ 20 to 30‐minute session followed up by regular telephone contact. Participating families were encouraged to call educator. EDUCATION GROUP 2: Reinforced education & case management ‐ 20 to 30‐minute session followed up by regular telephone contact. Participating families were encouraged to call health educator. Case manager/nurse practitioner worked with family on action plan. Called upon if necessary by health educator. CONTROL GROUP: Basic asthma education ‐ 20 to 30‐minute session TREATMENT PERIOD: 9 months FOLLOW‐UP PERIOD: 9 months
Outcomes	ED visits; hospitalisations; length of hospital stay; cost
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Adequate sequence generation?	Unclear risk	Information not available
Allocation concealment?	Unclear risk	Information not available
Incomplete outcome data addressed? All outcomes	Unclear risk	Available case