Models	Dual users (N=23,980)	Exclusive smokers (N=31,032)
Parameters	Coefficient (SE)	Coefficient (SE)
Vape pen 1: ASC	−1.024*	−1.53***
	(0.495)	(0.391)
Vape pen 2: ASC	−1.432*	−1.583**
	(0.725)	(0.594)
None of the above: ASC	−2.947***	−1.797**
	(0.737)	(0.59)
Non-price attribute 1: Less harmful to health than cigarettes (Blank as ref.)
Yes	0.643***	0.646***
	(0.085)	(0.091)
Non-price attribute 2: Effective for helping people quit (Not effective as ref.)
Unknown	0.235**	0.352**
	(0.089)	(0.113)
Effective	0.875***	1.324***
	(0.105)	(0.12)
Non-price attribute 3: Flavor (Tobacco as ref.)
Menthol	−0.161	−0.53***
	(0.136)	(0.127)
Fruit/candy/sweet/other	0.126	−0.223
	(0.156)	(0.129)
Non-price attribute 4: Nicotine Strength (None as ref.)
Low	0.179	0.02
	(0.145)	(0.126)
Medium	0.109	−0.098
	(0.161)	(0.156)
High	−0.075	−0.271
	(0.162)	(0.182)
Price attribute: ($3 as ref.)
Price:$5	−0.266*	−0.253*
	(0.109)	(0.115)
Price:$7	−0.575***	−0.401**
	(0.111)	(0.136)
AIC	13381	12741
BIC	13826	13225
Log likelihood	−6636	−6312

^*p < .05,

^**p < .01,

^***p < .001

Note.

ASC = Alternative-specific constant.

Clustered standard errors adjusting for correlations within choices by the same individuals are in parentheses. Standard deviations of random coefficients are in brackets.