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. 2011 Dec 22;402(5):1799–1811. doi: 10.1007/s00216-011-5610-2

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© Springer-Verlag 2011

This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

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Fig. 3 — a PEDOT:PSS-based OECT integrated biological cells. Cell culture medium was used as an electrolyte during the electrical measurements. b Transfer characteristics of an OECT device integrated with cancer cell lines measured before (curve a) and 1 h (curve b) and 7 h (curve c) after addition of retinoic acid. c Shift of the gate voltage of OECT devices for different periods of time after the addition of retinoic acid with (blue line) and without (red line) cancer cell lines on the top. Error bars show the standard error for several different samples [60]