Fig. 7.

Pictorial description of the nanoparticle-enhanced SPRI strategy used to detect the normal βN/βN, heterozygous β°39/βN, and homozygous β°39/β°39 genomic DNAs. In order to simplify the pictorial representation, only specifically adsorbed DNA is shown. Nonspecifically adsorbed DNA is also present on the surface and contributes to generate the SPRI-detected signal. PNA-N and PNA-M specifically recognize the normal β-globin and the mutated β°39-globin genomic sequences, respectively. Reprinted (adapted) with permission from D’Agata R, Breveglieri G, Zanoli LM, Borgatti M, Spoto G, Gambari R (2011) Direct detection of point mutations in nonamplified human genomic DNA. Anal Chem 83:8711–8717. Copyright (2011) American Chemical Society [97]