Table 4.
Comparison between surviving and nonsurviving patients in the overall population, and in the group of patients with confirmed influenza A(H1N1) infection
| All ECMO, n = 60 (100%) | ARDSH1N1, n = 49 (82%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survivor, n = 41 (68%) | Nonsurvivor, n = 19 (32%) | Survivor, n = 35 (71%) | Nonsurvivor, n = 14 (29%) | |
| Age (years) | 38 (29–48) | 43 (36–50) | 37 (30–46) | 43 (36–47) |
| BMI (kg m−2) | 27 (24–38) | 29 (26–34) | 27 (24–38) | 29 (24–34) |
| MV (days) | 2 (1–4)* | 6 (1–12) | 1 (1–3)* | 5 (1–8) |
| SAPS II | 29 (23–35)* | 35 (30–49) | 29 (23–35)* | 44 (31–52) |
| Co-morbidity factors | ||||
| Obesity | 14 (34) | 9 (47) | 13 (37) | 6 (43) |
| Asthma and chronic lung disease | 4 (10) | 3 (16) | 3 (9) | 3 (22) |
| Pregnancy or postpartum | 4 (10) | 0 (0) | 4 (12) | 0 (0) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 5 (12) | 0 (0) | 3 (9) | 0 (0) |
| Respiratory severity and ventilatory parameters before ECMO | ||||
| PaO2/FiO2 (mmHg) | 63 (54–81) | 61 (54–79) | 63 (55–81) | 61 (53–72) |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) | 57 (48–78) | 60 (50–70) | 57 (50–79) | 62 (48–70) |
| pH | 7.29 (7.23–7.41) | 7.31 (7.20–7.37) | 7.29 (7.23–7.41) | 7.34 (7.20–7.39) |
| PEEP (cmH2O) | 16 (15–20) | 16 (12–19) | 16 (14–20) | 15 (13–18) |
| Vt/kg (ml/kg) | 6.2 (4.8–8.4) | 5.8 (4.5–7.1) | 6.2 (4.7–7.1) | 6.7 (4.9–7.1) |
| Respiratory rate (bpm) | 25 (19–33) | 30 (25–34) | 25 (20–33) | 30 (20–33) |
| Peak airway pressure (cmH2O) | 32 (30–37) | 33 (32–46) | 33 (30–38) | 35 (32–46) |
| Plateau airway pressure (cmH2O) | 33 (30–35) | 33 (30–35) | 33 (30–35) | 34 (31–35) |
| Mean airway pressure (cmH2O) | 24 (22–26) | 24 (21–29) | 24 (22–26) | 25 (22–29) |
| Acute lung injury score | 3.67 (3.25–3.75) | 3.75 (3.25–3.75) | 3.66 (3.25–3.75) | 3.75 (3.45–3.75) |
| OI (mmHg cmH2O) | 36 (30–50) | 35 (30–45) | 36 (29–50) | 38 (34–47) |
| Rescue therapies and adjunctive therapies before ECMO | ||||
| Recruitment maneuvers | 28 (68) | 13 (68) | 24 (69) | 10 (71) |
| Prone positioning | 12 (29) | 4 (21) | 10 (29) | 3 (21) |
| HFOV | 2 (4) | 2 (10) | 1 (3) | 1 (7) |
| iNO | 7 (17) | 3 (16) | 6 (17) | 1 (7) |
| Vasoactive drugs | 25 (61) | 12 (63) | 21 (60) | 9 (64) |
| Steroid therapy | 11 (27) | 10 (53) | 8 (23) | 8 (57) |
| None | 12 (29) | 6 (32) | 10 (29) | 4 (29) |
| Nonrespiratory organ function before ECMO | ||||
| HR (bpm) | 100 (89–120) | 108 (100–120) | 100 (85–120) | 114 (100–120) |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 78 (67–90) | 73 (59–81) | 80 (65–92) | 70 (60–81) |
| SOFA score | 7 (5–9)* | 10 (7–11) | 7 (5–9)* | 10 (7–12) |
| Ht (%) | 35 (31–38)* | 30 (26–34) | 35 (31–38)* | 30 (25–35) |
| Platelet count (×103/μl) | 157 (120–259) | 143 (97–330) | 156 (120–239) | 139 (93–335) |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.9 (0.7–1.9) | 0.8 (0.7–1.1) | 1.1 (0.7–2.1) |
| Bilirubin (mg/dl) | 0.8 (0.6–1.2)* | 1.2 (0.7–1.8) | 0.8 (0.4–1.2)* | 1.4 (1–2.1) |
Data presented as n (%) for categorical variables and median (interquartile range) for parametric variables
BMI Body mass index, MV mechanical ventilation, SAPS II simplified acute physiology score, CRX chest X ray, PaO 2 /FiO 2 arterial partial pressure of oxygen to inspired oxygen fraction ratio, PaCO 2 arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide, PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure, Vt/kg IBW tidal volume indexed by ideal body weight, OI oxygenation index (computed as FiO2 × mean airway pressure × 100/PaO2), HFOV high frequency oscillatory ventilation, iNO inhaled nitric oxide, SOFA sepsis-related organ failure assessment, Ht hematocrit
* P < 0.05 survivor versus nonsurvivor