Table 10—
Robustness of Mortality IV Estimates to Including Different Fixed Effects and Weather Controls
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM 2.5 (μg/m3) | 0.425 | 0.647 | 0.270 | 0.344 | 0.413 | 0.670 | 0.712 | 0.643 |
| (0.040) | (0.061) | (0.041) | (0.044) | (0.039) | (0.059) | (0.060) | (0.061) | |
| Type of weather controls | None | Separate | None | None | None | Full | Full | Full |
| County fixed effects | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||
| Month fixed effects | X | X | ||||||
| Year fixed effects | X | X | ||||||
| Year-by-month fixed effects | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||
| State-by-month fixed effects | X | X | ||||||
| County-by-month fixed effects | X | X | ||||||
| F-statistic | 460 | 333 | 439 | 449 | 474 | 288 | 292 | 309 |
| Dependent variable mean | 385 | 385 | 385 | 385 | 385 | 385 | 385 | 385 |
| Observations | 1,982,529 | 1,982,529 | 1,982,529 | 1,982,529 | 1,982,495 | 1,980,549 | 1,980,549 | 1,980,515 |
Notes: Table reports IV estimates of equation (1) from the main text when varying the inclusion of different weather controls and fixed effects. The dependent variable is the three-day mortality rate per million Medicare beneficiaries. Estimates are weighted by the number of beneficiaries. Standard errors, clustered by county, are reported in parentheses.