(a) Network of 75 DNA repair genes identified in the screen
is enriched for Fanconi anemia genes (blue nodes). Edges indicate known physical
interactions. (b) Model of FA complexes responding to a DNA lesion
(vertical line) encountered by a replication fork (blue line, genomic DNA; green
line, nascent DNA). Genes are color coded based on the performance of their
knockouts. (c) Western blot of FANCD2 response to 24-hour treatment
with 1 μg/ml mitomycin C (MMC). Cells are treated with FA member sgRNAs
or non-targeting-control (NTC). FANCD2 monoubiquitination assessed as the ratio
of FANCD2-L (long) to FANCD2-S (short) band intensities (relative L:S ratio)
graphed relative to NTC, MMC-treated cells. nd = not determined.
(d) Clonogenic growth assay of LINE-1(+) RPE cells with sgRNAs
targeting the same genes as in (C). n=3 independent experiments. P value
calculated with a one-sided T test. (e) Representative western blot
of FANCD2 and FANCI following 72 hour expression of LINE-1 or luciferase in RPE.
MMC treatment reveals L (monoubiquitinated) and S (non-ubiquitinated) protein
bands. Quantification at right of n=2 independent experiments ± SEM..
(f) Representative western blot of FANCD2 following 72 hour
expression of wildtype or mutant LINE-1 in HeLa cells. Quantification below of
n=2 independent experiments ± SEM. Effect of wildtype LINE-1 as assessed
by ANOVA (p = 0.0143). (g) Left, representative images of FANCD2
foci (green) in EdU+ nuclei. Scale bar = 6 μm. Right, quantification of
FANCD2 foci in EdU+ HeLa cells. Number of cells per group: untreated, n=134; HU,
n=105; wildtype, n=109; RT (D702Y), n=101. HU = hydroxyurea. RT = reverse
transcriptase. ns = not significant. (h) Left, γH2A.X and
53BP1 focus quantification in EdU+ TP53KD cells.
Number of cells per group: Lucif., n=326; LINE-1, n=358; doxorubicin, n=431.
Two-sided T tests were used for statistical comparisons in panels g and h.
Right, representative images of γH2A.X (red), 53BP1 (green), EdU (cyan),
and DAPI (blue). Scale bar = 12 μm. Uncropped blot images of panels c, e
and f are shown in Supplementary Data 1.