Table 2.

Within‐hospital differences in charity care policy characteristics relative to alternative control groups, 2011‐2015

	Free care		Discounted care
	Offers	FPL Limit	Offers	FPL Limit
Panel A: New participants compared to all other hospitals (N = 7050)
Estimate	0.001	1.600	0.039	16.974
SE	[0.009]	[2.783]	[0.015]	[5.602]
P‐value	.911	.566	.010	.002
Panel B: New participants compared to nonparticipant hospitals (N = 4440)
Estimate	0.007	3.618	0.043	18.890
SE	[0.010]	[2.535]	[0.016]	[5.616]
P‐value	.499	.154	.007	.001
Panel C: New participants compared to not‐yet participant hospitals (N = 1545)
Estimate	0.008	2.901	0.040	16.497
SE	[0.014]	[3.641]	[0.019]	[7.674]
P‐value	.546	.426	.035	.032

The table presents estimates from a difference‐in‐differences model as specified in Equation 1. The data come from facility‐level reports from Schedule H, 990 Data. “Offers free care” is defined as offering free care as part of a charity care policy. “Offers discounted care” is defined as offering discounted care, distinct from prompt pay discounts, as part of a charity care policy. Free and discounted FPL thresholds are the maximum federal poverty levels at which individuals may receive charity care under written charity care policies. Panel A compares hospitals that begin participating in 340B between 2012 and 2015 to all other hospitals. Panel B compares hospitals that begin participating in 340B between 2012 and 2015 to a group of reweighted nonparticipating hospitals using average treatment on the treated propensity scores. Panel C uses not‐yet participating hospitals that begin participating in 340B between 2012 and 2015 to those that are currently not participating but participate eventually after 2015 when our sample ends. All estimates were generated using ordinary least squares. Cluster‐robust standard errors are presented below each estimate and are displayed below in brackets. Panels A and B include hospital and state‐year fixed effects. Panel C includes only hospital and year fixed effects.