Fig. 1. Hd ¹⁴C data and comparisons.

(A) Hd and some Mannheim (MAMS) data on known-age Turkish pine (TuP), German oak (GeO), and Irish oak (IrO) (table S1) compared with the IntCal13 calibration curve (4) and Oxford (OxA) and Arizona (AA) data on Jordan juniper (JJ) (18). Calendar dates B.P. (before the present) (from 1950 CE) are shown. The differences [weighted averages (wAV)] in ¹⁴C age between the pairs of data from time series of similar blocks of tree rings with the same midpoint age from GeO, high-elevation TuP, and IrO all measured at Hd are shown. All error bars shown and band width are 1 SD. (B) Hd Gordion (GOR) juniper data compared with Hd GeO for the second to first millennia BCE (1 SD error bars) and placed against the IntCal98 (1), IntCal04 (2), and IntCal13 calibration curves (1 SD) (4). The inset shows the “wiggle-match” fit of the tree ring sequenced Hd GOR dataset versus IntCal04 using OxCal (39); the best fit is the same against IntCal98 (1) and 1 year older versus IntCal13 (4).