Abd 2017.

Methods	Prospective randomised parallel controlled trial Setting: delivery room of Maternity Hospital, Mansoura University Children's Hospital, Egypt Conducted: March 2013 to June 2016
Participants	Inclusion criteria: preterm infants born ≤ 32 weeks' gestation with RDS. Exclusion criteria: major congenital anomalies.
Interventions	Group 1 (Control group). Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) at 5 cm H₂O Group 2 (High pressure for long duration group). Sustained lung inflation at pressure of 20 cm H₂O for 20 seconds Group 3 (High pressure for short duration group). Sustained lung inflation at pressure of 20 cm H₂O for 10 seconds Group 4 (Low pressure for long duration group). Sustained lung inflation at pressure of 15 cm H₂O for 20 seconds Group 5 (Low pressure for short duration group). Sustained lung inflation at pressure of 15 cm H₂O for 10 seconds
Outcomes	Primary outcome: rate of endotracheal intubation in the delivery room. Secondary outcomes: rate of MV (within 72 hours), duration of MV, duration of CPAP support, rate of surfactant (within 72 hours), death before hospital discharge, BPD (within 90 days), IVH (within 14 days), ROP (within 50 days), NEC (within 40 days), hospital stay, air‐leak syndrome (within 14 days), pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum. The following outcomes were reported in the manuscript but not in the protocol: mortality within 90 days, requirement for oxygen therapy more than 30% by 36 weeks' corrected gestational age, length of  NICU stay.
Notes	Study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT02846597)
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Quote "using internet based random table technique"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Quote "opaque sealed envelopes"
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Quote "The clinical pathologist who performed the laboratory measures and the nursing staff responsible for the care of preterm infants in the NICU were blinded to groups of intervention". Not specified for the attending neonatologists
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No information provided
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	All infants accounted for
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All outcomes specified in the protocol were reported in the manuscript
Other bias	Low risk	Appears free of other bias