Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants.
| Total Study Sample (N=68) |
Usual Care (N=33) |
Nurse Case Management (N=35) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | n (%) | M (SD) | n (%) | M (SD) | n (%) | p | |
| Demographic Characteristics | |||||||
| Age, years | 55 (7.65) | 55 (7.73) | 55 (7.68) | 0.762† | |||
| Female | 26 (38) | 13 (39.39) | 13 (37) | 0.617‡ | |||
| Race/Ethnicity | 0.366§ | ||||||
| Black/African American | 55 (81) | 26 (79) | 29 (83) | ||||
| White/Caucasian | 10 (15) | 4 (12) | 6 (17) | ||||
| Native American/American | 1 (2) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | ||||
| Indian | 2 (3) | 2 (6) | 0 (0) | ||||
| Hispanic/Latino | |||||||
| Education and Employment | |||||||
| Education | 0.393‡ | ||||||
| No high school diploma/No GED | 28 (41) | 11 (33) | 17 (49) | ||||
| High school graduate/GED | 25 (37) | 13 (39) | 12 (34) | ||||
| Some college or higher | 15 (22) | 9 (27) | 6 (17) | ||||
| Income source | 0.130§ | ||||||
| Government benefits | 56 (82) | 25 (76) | 31 (89) | ||||
| Work full- or part-time | 3 (4) | 1 (3) | 2 (6) | ||||
| No income | 9 (13) | 7 (21) | 2 (6) | ||||
| Annual income <$25,000 | 65 (96) | 32 (97) | 33 (94) | >0.999§ | |||
| Financial strain‖ | 0.752§ | ||||||
| Never | 14 (28) | 8 (33) | 6 (23) | ||||
| Once in a while | 9 (18) | 5 (21) | 4 (15) | ||||
| Fairly often | 14 (28) | 6 (25) | 8 (31) | ||||
| Very often | 13 (26) | 5 (21) | 8 (31) | ||||
| Health insurance# | |||||||
| Medicaid | 58 (85) | 26 (79) | 32 (91) | 0.140‡ | |||
| Medicare | 17 (25) | 8 (24) | 9 (26) | 0.889‡ | |||
| Private | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 1.000§ | |||
| Health Status | |||||||
| CD4+ T-cell count, median (IQR) | 366 (198-653) | 379 (266-676) | 361 (125-540) | 0.291¶ | |||
| HIV viral load <20 | 29 (43) | 15 (46) | 14 (40) | 0.649‡ | |||
| Currently prescribed ART | 66 (97) | 33 (100) | 33 (94) | 0.493§ | |||
| Fibrosis level | 0.726‡ | ||||||
| Metavir < F2 | 14 (21) | 7 (21) | 7 (20) | ||||
| Metavir ≥ F2 | 24 (35) | 13 (39) | 11 (31) | ||||
| Unknown | 30 (44) | 13 (39) | 17 (49) | ||||
| HCV genotype | 0.249§ | ||||||
| 1a | 44 (67) | 21 (66) | 23 (68) | ||||
| 1b | 14 (21) | 9 (28) | 5 (15) | ||||
| 2b | 1 (2) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | ||||
| 3a | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | ||||
| 4 | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | ||||
| Unknown | 5 (8) | 1 (3) | 4 (12) | ||||
| Previously treated for HCV | 15 (22) | 8 (24) | 7 (20) | 0.810‡ | |||
| Knows someone who cured HCV | 28 (41) | 17 (52) | 11 (31) | 0.093‡ | |||
| PHQ-9 total score, median (IQR) | 6 (3-10) | 7 (3-11) | 6 (2-8) | 0.471¶ | |||
| HCV knowledge total score | 15.1 (2.07) | 15.4 (2.01) | 14.8 (2.12) | 0.264† | |||
| Substance Use | |||||||
| Injection drug use, past 12 months | 16 (24) | 9 (27) | 7 (20) | 0.480‡ | |||
| OAT, currently taking | 35 (52) | 17 (52) | 18 (51) | 0.994‡ | |||
| Alcohol use, past 6 months | 28 (41) | 10 (30) | 18 (51) | 0.077‡ | |||
| AUDIT totalΔ, median (IQR) | 3 (2-9) | 6 (2-12) | 3 (2-7) | 0.650¶ | |||
M, mean; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; ART, antiretroviral therapy; HCV, hepatitis C virus; PHQ, patient health questionnaire; OAT, opiate agonist therapy; AUDIT, alcohol use disorders identification test.
†
t-test.
‡
Chi-square test.
§
Fisher’s exact test.
¶
Mann-Whitney U test.
‖
Financial strain (how often is your income not enough for food, housing, or medications?) was an added measure for the last 50 participants enrolled.
#
Nine participants (13%) had both Medicaid and Medicare.
Δ
AUDIT total score is reported for the 28 participants who reported any alcohol use in the past 6 months.