Table 4.
Estimates for Regression Models Showing Linear and Nonlinear Effects for Adolescent Sleep-Wake Problems on Adjustment Variables
| Externalizing | Internalizing | Depression | Anxiety | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate (SE) | Estimate (SE) | Estimate (SE) | Estimate (SE) | |
| Intercept | 49.86*** (1.25) | 51.31*** (1.59) | 8.33*** (0.78) | 11.83*** (0.99) |
| Sex | 1.09 (2.05) | −4.62† (2.59) | −1.70 (1.29) | −5.96*** (1.63) |
| Race/ethnicity | −2.26 (1.61) | 0.05 (2.06) | −0.79 (1.03) | −1.76 (1.31) |
| SES | −0.29 (0.47) | −0.67 (0.60) | −0.62* (0.30) | −0.63† (0.38) |
| zBMI | 0.31 (0.69) | 0.11 (0.89) | −0.05 (0.49) | 0.17 (0.60) |
| Sleep minutes | 0.01 (0.02) | −0.02 (0.02) | 0.00 (0.01) | −0.02† (0.01) |
| Sleep-wake problems | 5.77*** (1.21) | 6.78*** (1.56) | 3.69*** (0.76) | 3.23*** (0.96) |
| Sleep-wake problems2 | 0.31 (1.33) | −2.24 (1.73) | −0.58 (0.86) | −1.86† (1.08) |
| Sleep-wake problems x Sex | −1.77 (1.65) | −3.14 (2.13) | −0.34 (1.03) | −0.80 (1.29) |
| Sleep-wake problems2 x Sex | −1.55 (1.95) | 1.08 (2.51) | 0.97 (1.23) | 2.38 (1.56) |
| R2 | .25*** (0.06) | .21*** (0.06) | .31*** (0.06) | .22*** (0.06) |
Note. Unstandardized parameter estimates and standard errors are reported. Sex was coded as 0 = female, 1 = male; race/ethnicity was coded as 0 = White, 1 = Black. SES = socioeconomic status (income-to-needs ratio); zBMI = standardized body mass index. Sleep-wake problems were standardized in analyses. Externalizing problems and internalizing symptoms were derived with YSR (T scores); depression symptoms were derived with CDI; anxiety symptoms were derived with RCMAS-2.
†
p ≤ .10.
*
p ≤ .05.
**
p < .01.
***
p < .001.