TABLE 1.

Inhibitors against NLRP3 inflammasome.

Target specificity		Inhibitor	Diseases	Clinical status	References
	NLRP3	MCC950	Inflammatory diseases	Phase II	Coll et al., 2015
	NLRP3	Tranilast (MK-341)	Inflammatory diseases	Approved	Huang et al., 2018
	NLRP3	OLT1177	Inflammatory diseases	Phase II	Marchetti et al., 2018
	NLRP3	CY-09	Inflammatory diseases	Preclinical	Jiang et al., 2017
	NLRP3	JC171	Inflammatory diseases	Preclinical	Guo et al., 2017
	NLRP3	JC124	Traumatic neuroinflammatory response	Preclinical	Kuwar et al., 2019
	NLRP3	INF39	Inflammatory diseases	Preclinical	Cocco et al., 2017
	NLRP3	NBCs	Inflammatory diseases	Preclinical	Baldwin et al., 2017
	NLRP3	Apigenin	Inflammatory diseases	Preclinical	Lim et al., 2018
	NLRP1, NLRP3, NK-κB, IKKβ	Parthenolide	Inflammatory diseases, Cystic fibrosis	Preclinical	Juliana et al., 2010
	NLRP3	ILG	Obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and insulin resistance	Preclinical	Honda et al., 2014
	NLRP3	Fc11a-2	Inflammatory diseases	Preclinical	Liu et al., 2013
NLRP3	NLRP3	BOT-4-one	Inflammatory diseases	Preclinical	Shim et al., 2017
	NLRP3	Glyburide	Inflammatory diseases	Preclinical	Lamkanfi et al., 2009
	NLRP3	MNS	Inflammatory diseases	Preclinical	He et al., 2014
	NLRP3	Flufenamic acid	Alzheimer’s disease	Preclinical	Daniels et al., 2016
	NLRP3	16673-34-0	Acute myocardial infarction	Preclinical	Marchetti et al., 2014
	NLRP3	Oridonin	Inflammatory diseases	Preclinical	He et al., 2018
	NLRP3	Kynurenic acid	Stress-related colonic disorder	Preclinical	Zheng et al., 2019
	NLRP3	Formononetin	Inflammatory diseases	Preclinical	Wu D. et al., 2018
	NLRP3	Triptolide	Cardioprotective	Preclinical	Li et al., 2017
	NLRP3	Andrographolide	Inflammatory diseases	Preclinical	Guo et al., 2014
	NLRP3	Celastrol	Inflammatory diseases	Preclinical	Xin et al., 2017
	NLRP3	BHB	Inflammatory diseases	Preclinical	Youm et al., 2015
Caspase-1	Caspase-1	VX-740	Inflammatory diseases	Preclinical	Rudolphi et al., 2003
	Caspase-1	VX-765	Inflammatory diseases	Preclinical	Wannamaker et al., 2007
	IL-1R1	Anakinra	Cystic fibrosis	Approved	Iannitti et al., 2016
	IL-1β	Canakinumab	Cardiovascular events	Approved	Shah et al., 2018
	IL-1β	Gevokizumab	Cardiac remodeling and coronary dysfunction	Preclinical	Harouki et al., 2017
	IL-1β	Pralnacasan	Inflammatory diseases	Preclinical	Rudolphi et al., 2003
Cytokines	IL-1β	Curcumin	Inflammatory diseases	Preclinical	Gong et al., 2018
	IL-1βR	Rilonacept	CAPS	Approved	Gillespie et al., 2010
	IL-1α	Xilonix	Femoral artery restenosis	Phase II	El Sayed et al., 2016
	IL-4/IL-13	SAR156597	IPF	Phase II	Raghu et al., 2018
	TGF-β	SHP-627	Cardiac fibrosis	Preclinical	Zhang et al., 2012
	PDGFR	Imatinib	NSF, IPF	Phase II	Daniels et al., 2010
	Endothelin-1 receptor	Macitentan	Heart failure	Phase II	NCT03153111
	Angiotensin II	Losartan	Cardiac fibrosis	Preclinical	Gay-Jordi et al., 2013
Related pathways	Relaxin receptor	Serelaxin	Cardiac fibrosis	Preclinical	Wu X. P. et al., 2018
	IKK	IMD-1041	Cardiac fibrosis	Preclinical	Tanaka et al., 2012
	IKK	Bardoxolone methyl	Pulmonary hypertension	Phase II	Chin et al., 2018
	NF-κB	BAY 11-7082	Inflammatory diseases	Preclinical	Irrera et al., 2017
	NK-κB	Baicalein	Renal fibrosis	Preclinical	Zhao et al., 2016
	NF-κB	Wogonoside	Inflammatory diseases	Preclinical	Sun et al., 2015
	JNK	Tanzisertib (CC930)	IPF	Phase II	NCT01203943
	TLR-4	Alpinetin	Inflammatory diseases	Preclinical	He X. et al., 2016
	MAPK	MMI-0100	Cardiac fibrosis	Preclinical	Meng et al., 2017
	Peroxiredoxin 1	AI-44	Inflammatory diseases	Preclinical	Liu W. et al., 2018
	AhR/Nrf2/NQO1	Cardamonin	Inflammatory diseases	Preclinical	Wang K. et al., 2018
	AMPK/ULK1/p62	Ginsenoside Rd	Inflammatory diseases	Preclinical	Liu C. et al., 2018
	Cathepsin B	VBY-376	Liver fibrosis	Preclinical	Wree et al., 2016
	Smad2/4	Pentoxifylline	Cardiac fibrosis	Preclinical	Zhang et al., 2016
	NOX4	GKT-137831	Cardiac fibrosis	Preclinical	Zhao et al., 2015
	ROS	N-acetylcysteine	Cardiac fibrosis	Preclinical	Giam et al., 2016
	ROS	Levornidazole	Inflammatory diseases	Preclinical	Wang et al., 2015
	ROS	Mitoquinone	Cardiac fibrosis	Preclinical	Goh et al., 2019
	ROS	LGM2605	Radiation damage	Preclinical	Chatterjee et al., 2019