Table 6.
Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to carnosic acid treatment in liver and ileum tissues.
| Genea | Description of gene product | Fold change by RNA-Seq | Fold change by qRT-PCRb |
|---|---|---|---|
| Liver | |||
| Upregulated | |||
| 00000007416 (CD3E) | CD3e molecule | 1.78 | ND |
| 00000013723 (OASL) | Oligoadenylate synthetase-like | 10.39 | ND |
| 00000000141 (BLB1) | Major histocompatibility complex | 5.33 | ND |
| 00000012834 (AKR1D1) | Aldo-keto reductase | 2.70 | 3.02 |
| 00000002988 (PHGDH) | Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase | 2.13 | ND |
| 00000006995 (APOD) | Apolipoprotein D | 4.40 | ND |
| 00000015662 (LIPI) | Lipase | 2.03 | ND |
| 00000029150 (AK1) | Adenylate kinase | 2.74 | ND |
| 00000011360 (PRKAG3) | Protein kinase | 3.89 | ND |
| 00000005795 (CYP2C23a) | Cytochrome P450 family | 4.72 | ND |
| 00000004436 (CYP3A80) | Cytochrome P450 family | 1.76 | 1.66 |
| 00000010469 (CYP4B7) | Cytochrome P450 family | 2.13 | ND |
| 00000008518 (LOC417253) | Glutamine synthetase-like | 2.02 | ND |
| 00000016325 (GSTA3) | Glutathione S-transferase | 3.85 | 2.19 |
| 00000008409 (GSTO1) | Glutathione S-transferase | 1.79 | ND |
| 00000028551 (LOC100859645) | Glutathione S-transferase-like | 2.34 | ND |
| 00000011468 (IGFBP5) | Growth factor binding protein | 3.88 | ND |
| Downregulated | |||
| 00000024272 (S100A9) | Calcium binding protein | −4.02 | −3.98 |
| 00000003876 (TIMD4) | T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin | −1.76 | ND |
| 00000022815 (AvBD1) | Avian beta-defensin 1 | −22.37 | ND |
| 00000016669 (AvBD2) | Avian beta-defensin 2 | −83.19 | ND |
| 00000016668 (AvBD6) | Avian beta-defensin 6 | −39.80 | −15.50 |
| 00000027973 (CATH1) | Cathelicidin-1 | −24.74 | ND |
| 00000019696 (CATH2) | Cathelicidin-2 | −11.43 | ND |
| 00000016710 (CYP39A1) | Cytochrome P450 family | −1.63 | ND |
| 00000016426 (MAP3K15) | Mitogen-activated protein kinase | −2.86 | ND |
| 00000021039 (HKDC1) | Hexokinase | −2.87 | ND |
| 00000005845 (SLC7A5) | Solute carrier family | −1.99 | ND |
| Ileum | |||
| Upregulated | |||
| 00000013723 (OASL) | 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase-like | 3.35 | ND |
| 00000027247 (EOMES) | Eomesodermin | 3.18 | ND |
| 00000016400 (RSAD2) | Radical S-adenosyl methionine domain | 2.81 | ND |
| 00000007395 (ABCC2) | ATP-binding cassette | 2.18 | ND |
| 00000013969 (ALDH8A1) | Aldehyde dehydrogenase family | 1.7 | ND |
| 00000016325 (GSTA3) | Glutathione S-transferase | 2.44 | 2.22 |
| 00000015702 (PTGR1) | Prostaglandin reductase | 2.45 | ND |
| 00000023933 (G0S2) | G0/G1 switch | 4.17 | 3.10 |
| 00000008845 (HAO1) | Hydroxyacid oxidase | 2.35 | ND |
| 00000002466 (SLC2A5) | Solute carrier family | 1.92 | ND |
| 00000013969 (ALDH8A1) | Aldehyde dehydrogenase | 1.70 | ND |
| 00000005795 (CYP2C23a) | Cytochrome P450 family | 2.31 | ND |
| 00000011219 (GCGR) | Glucagon receptor | 2.85 | ND |
| Downregulated | |||
| 00000016164 (ABCG1) | ATP-binding cassette | −3.71 | −2.60 |
| 00000015081 (ACER2) | Alkaline ceramidase | −3.20 | −1.35 |
| 00000028519 (CCR10) | C-C motif chemokine receptor | −3.61 | −2.33 |
| 00000015441 (CD247) | CD247 molecule | −1.77 | ND |
| 00000006480 (TCF7) | Ttranscription factor | −2.92 | ND |
| 00000006707 (NOX1) | NADPH oxidase | −2.60 | ND |
| 00000005572 (NOXO1) | NADPH oxidase organizer | −3.32 | ND |
| 00000001857 (FAM132A) | Family with sequence similarity 132 member | −2.35 | ND |
| 00000014766 (HAO2) | Hydroxyacid oxidase | −3.78 | ND |
| 00000026817 (LOC771638) | Hydrogenase/reductase | −2.89 | ND |
Results were determined based on DAVID bioinformatics resources (https://david.ncifcrf.gov/). The genes denoted as Upregulated are those having significantly higher expression level in carnosic acid treatment group than those in the control group; genes denoted as Downregulated are those having significantly lower expression in carnosic acid treatment group than those in the control group.
aGene is expressed as ENSGALG gene ID number followed by corresponding gene name in parentheses.
bMeans of four individual tissue samples with triplicate measurement for each sample. ND, not determined.