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. 2020 Mar 12;11:331. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00331

TABLE 2.

Analysis of subjective happiness and prosocial and civic competencies in control and experimental groups.

Control group (n = 55) Experimental group (n = 49)


Pre-test Post-test p d Pre-test Post-test p d
Subjective happiness (SH)
In general, I consider myself… 4.58 (0.22) 4.74 (1.06) 0.769 −0.103 5.44 (0.65) 5.59 (0.87) 0.46 −0.097
Compared with most of my classmates, I consider myself… 4.43 (1.19) 4.76 (1.48) 0.316 −0.121 4.96 (1.01) 5.41 (1.42) 0.046* −0.179
Some people are generally very happy… 4.91 (1.18) 5.01 (1.54) 0.714 −0.036 5.07 (1.69) 5.53 (1.71) 0.262 −0.134
Some people are generally not very happy… 2.67 (1.49) 2.83 (1.43) 0.144 −0.054 2.37 (1.34) 2.51 (1.55) 0.541 −0.048
Prosocial and civic competencies (PCC)
Compliance with social norms 4.38 (0.39) 4.56 (0.34) 0.030* −0.238 4.43 (0.33) 4.77 (0.55) 0.004** −0.351
Social sensitivity 4.21 (0.35) 4.37 (0.46) 0.250 −0.192 4.02 (0.11) 4.34 (0.25) 0.039* −0.637
Help and collaboration 4.03 (0.65) 4.34 (0.61) 0.126 −0.238 4.03 (0.31) 4.08 (0.41) 0.509 −0.068
Security and firmness in interaction 3.63 (0.61) 3.91 (0.67) 0.210 −0.213 3.74 (0.57) 3.87 (0.53) 0.024* −0.117
Prosocial leadership 3.51 (0.90) 3.76 (0.64) 0.413 −0.158 3.61 (0.59) 3.92 (0.51) 0.008** −0.271
Social responsibility 3.11 (0.24) 3.35 (0.43) 0.139 −0.325 3.19 (0.38) 3.35 (0.31) 0.152 −0.224

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.