Table 3.

Percent of Cases and Controls with a Taper Plan in the Prior Three Quarters

Patient characteristics	% of case and controls with a taper plan in the 3 quarters prior to matched follow-up time
	Cases (N = 894)	Controls (N = 3576)
Overall	26.6	8.6
Taper plan source
SIG discontinuation or simple plan only	13.2	4.5
Clinical explicit note only	6.8	2.7
Both	6.6	1.4
Year at matched follow-up time
2011	18.2	13.6
2012	30.5	8
2013	32.4	9.9
2014	22.6	7.9
2015	26.1	8.8
2016	15.7	6.1
2017	28.8	9.7
Age group at matched follow-up time, years
18–40	43.1	14.5
41–60	29.1	8.8
61+	20.9	7.3
Sex
Female	27.6	9.1
Male	25.1	7.7
White race
No	32.7	11.9
Yes	26.6	8.7
Hispanic origin
No	27.2	9.1
Yes	33.3	8.4
Peak dose, MME
31–< 50	14.3	11.7
50–< 90	25.2	8.2
90–< 120	30.3	9.4
120–< 150	27.4	6.5
150–< 200	31.8	7.9
200+	26	11.3
SNRI or TCA medication exposure	27.6	9.1
Gabapentin or pregabalin medication exposure	27.7	8.2
Benzodiazepine medication exposure	31.4	9.7
Behavioral health treatment	31.8	12.5
Opioid use disorder diagnosis	43.8	16.1
Substance use disorder diagnosis	38.2	15
Major depression diagnosis	32.4	13.5
Post-traumatic stress disorder diagnosis	28	16.1
Count of anatomical regions with pain diagnoses1
0	20	1.6
1	18.8	3.1
2	26.6	6.3
3	25.3	10.1
4	30.9	10.4
5+	28.6	12.4

¹Pain is coded as a continuous count of 11 pain diagnoses from 0 to 4 where 4+ = at least 4 (categories include abdominal, arthritis, back, chest, chronic, fibromyalgia, head, limb, neck, neuropathies, and pelvic pain)