Table 2.
Study quality and risk of bias.
| Study (years) | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | (11) | (12) | (13) | (14) | (15) | (16) | (17) | Total | Scores | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| + | ± | ? | – | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cao et al., [43] | + | ± | + | ±◆ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | 5 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 6 |
| Dong et al., [29] | + | ± | + | ±◆ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | 5 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 6 |
| Gao et al., [44] | + | + | + | ±◆ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | 6 | 1 | 0 | 10 | 6.5 |
| Gao et al., [45] | –△ | + | + | ±◆ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | 5 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 5.5 |
| Gong et al., [37] | + | ± | + | ±◆ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | 5 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 6 |
| Guo et al., [38] | + | – | + | ±◆ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | 5 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 5.5 |
| Han et al., [48] | + | ± | + | ±◆ | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | 6 | 2 | 0 | 9 | 7 |
| Shi et al., [36] | + | ± | + | ±◆ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | 5 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 6 |
| Song et al., [42] | + | ± | + | ±◆ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | 5 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 6 |
| Wang et al., [30] | –△ | ± | + | ±◆ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | ± | – | – | 3 | 3 | 0 | 11 | 4.5 |
| Yu et al., [32] | + | ± | + | – | – | – | – | ± | – | + | – | – | + | + | – | – | – | 5 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 6 |
| Yu et al., [39] | + | ± | + | – | – | – | – | ± | – | + | – | + | + | ± | + | – | – | 6 | 3 | 0 | 8 | 7.5 |
| Yu et al., [46] | + | ± | + | – | – | – | – | ± | – | + | – | – | + | ± | + | – | – | 5 | 3 | 0 | 9 | 6.5 |
| Zhang et al., [40] | –△ | + | + | ±◆ | – | – | – | ± | – | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | 5 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 6 |
| Zhang et al., [34] | –△ | + | + | ±◆ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | 5 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 5.5 |
| Zhang et al., [33] | + | ± | + | ±◆ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | 5 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 6 |
| Zhang et al., [31] | + | ± | + | ±◆ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | 5 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 6 |
| Zhang et al., [35] | + | – | + | ±◆ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | 5 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 5.5 |
| Zhang et al., [41] | + | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | + | – | + | – | – | 5 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 5 |
| Zhang et al., [47] | + | – | + | ±◆ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | 5 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 5.5 |
| Cao et al., [75] | + | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | 5 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 5 |
| Chen et al., [74] | + | + | + | – | – | – | – | ± | – | + | – | + | + | ± | + | – | – | 7 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 8 |
| Chen et al., [77] | + | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | 5 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 5 |
| Gu et al., [63] | + | ± | + | ±◆ | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | + | + | ± | + | – | – | 8 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 9.5 |
| Guo et al., [62] | + | – | + | ±◇ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | 5 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 5.5 |
| Hu et al., [53] | + | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | ± | – | – | – | 3 | 1 | 0 | 13 | 3.5 |
| Hu et al., [54] | + | – | + | ±◆ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | 5 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 5.5 |
| Hu et al., [56] | + | – | + | ±◆ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | 5 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 5.5 |
| Hu et al., [55] | + | – | + | ±◆ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | 5 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 5.5 |
| Hu et al., [60] | + | – | + | ±◆ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | 5 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 5.5 |
| Huang et al., [51] | + | ± | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | + | ± | – | – | – | 4 | 2 | 0 | 11 | 5 |
| Huang et al., [52] | + | – | + | ±◆ | + | – | – | + | – | + | – | – | + | ± | – | – | – | 6 | 2 | 0 | 9 | 7 |
| Yue et al., [67] | + | – | + | ±◆ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | 5 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 5.5 |
| Lei et al., [57] | + | – | + | ±◇ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | 5 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 5.5 |
| Lei et al., [58] | + | – | + | ±◇ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | – | – | – | 4 | 1 | 0 | 12 | 4.5 |
| Lei et al., [72] | –△ | – | + | ±◆ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | 4 | 1 | 0 | 12 | 4.5 |
| Shi et al., [61] | + | ± | + | ±◆ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | 5 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 6 |
| Song et al., [68] | + | ± | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | ± | – | – | – | 3 | 2 | 0 | 12 | 4 |
| Song et al., [70] | + | – | + | ±◆ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | 5 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 5.5 |
| Villegas-Bastida et al., [69] | + | ± | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | + | + | ± | + | – | – | 5 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 6 |
| Wang et al., [49] | –△ | ± | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ± | + | – | – | 1 | 2 | 0 | 14 | 2 |
| Wang et al., [64] | + | + | + | ±◆ | – | – | – | – | – | ? | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | 6 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 7 |
| Wang et al., [78] | + | ± | + | ±◆ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | ± | – | – | – | 3 | 3 | 0 | 11 | 4.5 |
| Wu et al., [66] | –△ | + | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | 5 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 5 |
| Wu et al., [81] | + | – | + | ±◆ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | – | – | – | 4 | 1 | 0 | 12 | 4.5 |
| Wu et al., [76] | + | + | + | ±◆ | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | + | ± | + | – | – | 6 | 2 | 0 | 9 | 7 |
| Xu et al., [65] | + | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | 5 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 5 |
| Yang et al., [50] | + | – | + | ±◆ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | 5 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 5.5 |
| Zhang et al., [59] | + | ± | + | ±◆ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | – | – | – | 4 | 2 | 0 | 11 | 5 |
| Zhang et al., [71] | + | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | 5 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 5 |
| Zhang et al., [79] | + | ± | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | 5 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 5.5 |
| Zhang et al., [80] | + | ± | + | ±◆ | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | + | – | + | – | – | 5 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 6 |
| Zhu et al., [73] | + | ± | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | + | + | ± | + | – | – | 5 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 6 |
| Torres-Rosas et al., [21] | + | ± | + | – | – | – | – | + | – | + | – | + | + | – | + | – | – | 7 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 7.5 |
Note. (1) Peer-reviewed publication; (2) control of temperature, humidity, and light; (3) randomized allocation; (4) reporting details of randomized allocation method; (5) allocation concealment; (6) blinded model induction; (7) blinded intervention administration; (8) blinded outcome assessment; (9) sample size calculation or explanation; (10) animal welfare regulations compliance statement; (11) being free of selective reporting; (12) potential conflict of interests statement; (13) reporting statistical method; (14) reporting numerical data in Results; (15) reporting actual numbers of animal samples of different groups in Results; (16) completeness of follow-up; and (17) intention-to-treat analysis. +: yes, scores 1 point; –: no, scores 0 points; ±: partially yes, scores 0.5 points; ?: unclear, scores 0 points; △unpublished Ph.D.'s or Master's thesis; ◇randomized allocation according to blocked randomization; details are unavailable; ◆randomized allocation according to random number table; details are unavailable.