Table 3.
Association of DSST Scores (by Subgroup) with HRQoL and Work Productivity Scores in Crude and Adjusteda Analyses
| Assessment | Model | DSST Subgroup at Baseline | df | Error df | F | Global P-value | Partial η2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Within Norm | ⅓ to ⅔ SD Below Norm | ⅔ to 1 SD Below Norm | 1 SD or More Below Norm | |||||||
| HRQoL | Crude | 0.75 (0.74, 0.77) | 0.73 (0.70, 0.75) | 0.74 (0.72, 0.77) | 0.71 (0.70, 0.73) | 3 | 965 | 5.42 | 0.001 | 0.017 |
| PHQ-9 adjusted | 0.74 (0.73, 0.76) | 0.72 (0.70, 0.74) | 0.74 (0.71, 0.76) | 0.72 (0.71, 0.74) | 3 | 954 | 1.72 | 0.162 | 0.005 | |
| HAM-D17 adjusted | 0.75 (0.73, 0.77) | 0.73 (0.70, 0.75) | 0.73 (0.71, 0.76) | 0.72 (0.71, 0.74) | 3 | 959 | 2.17 | 0.090 | 0.007 | |
| SDS absenteeism | Crude | 1.97 (1.71, 2.23) | 1.89 (1.40, 2.38) | 1.99 (1.39, 2.58) | 2.20 (1.86, 2.54) | 3 | 737 | 0.49 | 0.687 | 0.002 |
| PHQ-9 adjusted | 2.22 (1.86, 2.58) | 2.08 (1.56, 2.61) | 2.21 (1.59, 2.83) | 2.34 (1.96, 2.72) | 3 | 726 | 0.24 | 0.870 | 0.001 | |
| HAM-D17 adjusted | 2.22 (1.86, 2.57) | 2.10 (1.58, 2.63) | 2.25 (1.63, 2.87) | 2.31 (1.94, 2.69) | 3 | 731 | 0.16 | 0.921 | 0.0007 | |
| SDS presenteeism | Crude | 3.75 (3.50, 4.01) | 3.60 (3.11, 4.08) | 3.29 (2.71, 3.87) | 3.65 (3.32, 3.98) | 3 | 732 | 0.73 | 0.533 | 0.003 |
| PHQ-9 adjusted | 3.55 (3.21, 3.89) | 3.45 (2.96, 3.95) | 3.18 (2.59, 3.76) | 3.54 (3.19, 3.89) | 3 | 721 | 0.52 | 0.671 | 0.002 | |
| HAM-D17 adjusted | 3.45 (3.10, 3.80) | 3.43 (2.92, 3.94) | 3.12 (2.51, 3.72) | 3.59 (3.23, 3.95) | 3 | 726 | 0.65 | 0.583 | 0.003 | |
| WPAI absenteeism | Crude | 26.14 (21.64, 30.64) | 24.39 (15.79, 32.99) | 26.36 (16.60, 36.12) | 27.76 (21.77, 33.75) | 3 | 498 | 0.14 | 0.936 | 0.0008 |
| PHQ-9 adjusted | 29.86 (23.41, 36.31) | 25.20 (16.10, 34.30) | 28.36 (17.96, 38.76) | 27.38 (20.62, 34.15) | 3 | 489 | 0.32 | 0.814 | 0.002 | |
| HAM-D17 adjusted | 29.30 (22.96, 35.64) | 26.98 (17.95, 36.00) | 29.04 (18.74, 39.35) | 26.24 (19.55, 32.93) | 3 | 492 | 0.22 | 0.880 | 0.001 | |
| WPAI presenteeism | Crude | 54.93 (51.37, 58.49) | 48.95 (41.97, 55.92) | 57.92 (50.32, 65.52) | 55.17 (50.36, 59.97) | 3 | 440 | 1.12 | 0.341 | 0.008 |
| PHQ-9 adjusted | 53.82 (49.20, 58.44) | 47.80 (41.27, 54.32) | 56.60 (49.43, 63.76) | 53.90 (49.14, 58.66) | 3 | 431 | 1.41 | 0.239 | 0.01 | |
| HAM-D17 adjusted | 50.74 (45.68, 55.80) | 48.14 (40.91, 55.38) | 55.40 (47.48, 63.32) | 53.66 (48.41, 58.90) | 3 | 434 | 0.97 | 0.409 | 0.007 | |
Notes: Data are presented as means with 95% confidence intervals. F statistic, global P-value and partial η2 were obtained via Type III sum of squares. aAge, sex, residential area and educational level also included as adjustment variables in the adjusted analyses.
Abbreviations: df, degrees of freedom; DSST, Digit Symbol Substitution Test; HAM-D17, 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; HRQoL, health-related quality of life; PHQ-9, 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire; SD, standard deviation; SDS, Sheehan Disability Scale; WPAI, Work Productivity and Activity Impairment.