Fig. 5.

Effects of β-lactolin on memory function in 5×FAD mice. Transgenic 5×FAD and wild-type male mice aged 2.5 months were fed a diet with or without 0.05% w/w β-lactolin or 5% w/w β-lactolin-rich whey enzymatic digestion (BL-W) for 3.5 months. Mice aged 6 months were subjected to the novel object recognition test to evaluate object recognition memory. A, B) The time spent exploring novel and familiar objects during 5 min of re-exploration (A) and the discrimination index [(time spent with object A – time spent with object B) / total time exploring both objects] (B) were measured. C) The levels of synaptophysin in the frontal cortex. Data are presented as means±SEM (sample size: wild-type mice, 10; control transgenic mice, 10; transgenic mice fed with β-lactolin, 11; or transgenic mice fed with BL-W, 10). p-values shown in the graph were calculated by student t-test or one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey–Kramer test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.