Table 1.

Cytokine and chemokine levels in the frontal cortex

	Wild-Type	5×FAD
	Ctrl	Ctrl	β-Lactolin	BL-W
IL-1α	0.74±0.15	1.29±0.13*	1.00±0.11	0.71±0.08†
IL-1β	0.35±0.06	0.49±0.02*	0.30±0.04†	0.39±0.03†
MIP-1α	0.30±0.03	15.08±1.56*	8.86±1.17†	9.01±1.34†
MIP-1β	7.62±1.06	9.75±0.94*	5.69±0.82†	6.16±0.50
TNF-α	5.30±0.61	7.62±0.64*	5.68±0.51†	5.30±0.81
IL-12p70	3.26±0.60	4.99±0.54**	2.68±0.36††	2.72±0.37††

Transgenic 5×FAD and wild-type male mice aged 2.5 months were fed a diet with or without 0.05% w/w β-lactolin or 5% w/w β-lactolin-rich whey enzymatic digestion (BL-W) for 3.5 months. The levels of cytokines and chemokines in the hippocampus were measured by ELISA. Data are represented as mean±SEM (sample size: wild-type mice, 10; control transgenic mice, 10; transgenic mice fed with β-lactolin, 11; or transgenic mice fed with BL-W, 10). p-values shown in the graph were calculated by one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey–Kramer test. *and ^†p < 0.05 and **and ^††p < 0.01.