Table 3. Operating Surgeon Rapid Upper Limb Assessmenta.
| Rapid Upper Limb Assessment | Mean (SD) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Laparoscopic (n = 54) | Robotic (n = 48) | ||
| Left side | |||
| Score A (upper limbs - arms and wrists) | 4.93 (1.59) | 5.62 (1.10) | .01 |
| Score B (posture) | 3.33 (1.47) | 3.73 (1.07) | .12 |
| Score C (upper limbs - arms and wrists overall) | 5.83 (1.89) | 6.10 (1.31) | .40 |
| Score D (posture) | 3.96 (1.48) | 4.17 (0.95) | .41 |
| Grand Composite Score | 9.80 (2.75) | 10.3 (1.93) | .31 |
| Right side | |||
| Score A (upper limbs - arms and wrists) | 5.11 (1.79) | 5.48 (1.29) | .23 |
| Score B (posture) | 3.46 (1.63) | 3.77 (1.06) | .26 |
| Score C (upper limbs - arms and wrists overall) | 6.06 (2.18) | 5.98 (1.56) | .84 |
| Score D (posture) | 4.09 (1.74) | 4.21 (1.05) | .68 |
| Grand Composite Score | 10.1 (3.16) | 10.2 (2.27) | .94 |
a
Evaluators subjectively score posture, muscle use, and force for one side of the body at a time. The scores are then added to obtain a grand score. A grand score of 5 to 6 indicates increased risk for musculoskeletal injury, and a grand score of 7 indicates imminent risk of injury.