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. 2020 Mar 18;77(8):1–9. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.0223

Table 1. Sample Sizes and Rates of Bipolar Disorder, Major Depression, Nonaffective Psychosis, and Schizophrenia .

Variable Family category
Intact Not-lived-with father Stepfather Adoptive
Sample size of offspring, No. 2 175 259 152 436 73 785 15 624
Year of birth (offspring), percentile
25th 1966 1969 1969 1959
50th 1974 1976 1975 1963
75th 1982 1983 1981 1967
Bipolar disorder, No. (%)
Offspring
Total 16 898 (0.8) 2182 (1.4) 980 (1.3) 224 (1.4)
Male 6460 (0.6) 751 (1.0) 332 (0.9) 94 (1.1)
Female 10 438 (1.0) 1431 (1.9) 648 (1.8) 130 (1.8)
Biological mother 16 202 (0.7) 2339 (1.5) 847 (1.2) 248 (1.6)
Biological father 12 044 (0.6) 1626 (1.1) NA 92 (1.0)
Stepmother or adoptive mother NA NA NA 106 (0.7)
Stepfather or adoptive father NA NA 476 (0.7) 65 (0.4)
Major depression, No. (%)
Offspring
Total 239 918 (11.0) 26 638 (17.5) 11 873 (16.10 2470 (15.8)
Male 86 591 (7.7) 9872 (12.8) 4275 (11.50 953 (11.5)
Female 153 327 (14.7) 16 766 (22.3) 7598 (20.8) 1517 (20.6)
Biological mother 263 927 (12.1) 30 377 (19.9) 12 825 (17.4) 1900 (12.3)
Biological father 147 446 (6.8) 14 261 (9.4) NA 591 (6.3)
Stepmother or adoptive mother NA NA NA 1920 (12.3)
Stepfather or adoptive father NA NA 5756 (7.8) 913 (5.8)
Nonaffective psychosis, No. (%)
Offspring
Total 12 136 (0.6) 1641 (1.1) 607 (0.8) 209 (1.3)
Male 6772 (0.6) 986 (1.3) 339 (0.9) 105 (1.3)
Female 5364 (0.5) 655 (0.9) 268 (0.7) 104 (1.4)
Biological mother 13 114 (0.6) 2068 (1.4) 485 (0.7) 411 (2.7)
Biological father 7868 (0.4) 2079 (1.4) NA 120 (1.3)
Stepmother or adoptive mother NA NA NA 132 (0.8)
Stepfather or adoptive father NA NA 284 (0.4) 56 (0.4)
Schizophrenia, No. (%)
Offspring
Total 5091 (0.2) 668 (0.4) 205 (0.3) 126 (0.8)
Male 3430 (0.3) 477 (0.6) 140 (0.4) 75 (0.9)
Female 1661 (0.2) 191 (0.3) 65 (0.2) 51 (0.7)
Biological mother 2383 (0.1) 477 (0.3) 85 (0.1) 359 (2.3)
Biological father 1489 (0.1) 1052 (0.7) NA 71 (0.8)
Stepmother or adoptive mother NA NA NA 12 (0.1)
Stepfather or adoptive father NA NA 76 (0.1) 11 (0.1)

Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.