Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2020 Mar 19;11:1449. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-15294-w

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 3 — a Swelling diameter of pollen microgel particle as a function of the ratio of the Young’s modulus values of the exine to intine layers, M_E/I. b Predicted evolution of the strain energy density during pollen expansion as a function of the swelling ratio (λ) for three typical Young’s modulus ratio values (M_E/I= 0.15, 1.6, and 3). c Maximum principal stress and maximum principal strain contours of the pollen microgel particles (M_E/I= 0.15, 1.6, and 3) for three critical swelling ratios (λ₀, λ_open, and λ_max) (labeled FEA), along with representative optical micrographs of pollen microgel particles in various chemical environments (i.e., ionic changes) that triggered similar morphological evolutions. M_E/I = 0.15 corresponds to pollen microgel particles immersed in 100 mM CaCl₂; M_E/I = 1.6 to 6 h KOH-treated pollen microgels incubated in pH 10 solution; M_E/I = 3 to defatted pollen grains. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.