Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the included subjects per practice.
| Practice A N=23 |
Practice B N=18 |
Practice C N=16 |
p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boys | 18/23 (78%) | 12/18 (67%) | 14/16 (88%) | 0.41 |
| Age | 10.6 (3.1) | 9.2 (2.9) | 8.6 (3.4) | 0.14 |
| IQ subject # | ||||
| <100 | 8/18 (44%) | 4/13 (31%) | 5/10 (50%) | 0.54 |
| 100-130 | 10/18 (56%) | 8/13 (62%) | 4/10 (40%) | |
| >130 | 0/18 (0%) | 1/13 (8%) | 1/10 (10%) | |
| Pregnancy and birth | ||||
| Alcohol or smoking during pregnancy | 2/23 (9%) | 2/18 (11%) | 0/16 (0%) | 0.55 |
| Problems at birth (hypoxia, incubated) | 2/23 (9%) | 4/18 (22%) | 1/16 (6%) | 0.39 |
| Family data | ||||
| Single parent or co-parenting | 3/23 (13%) | 1/18 (6%) | 2/16 (13%) | 0.75 |
| Education parents | ||||
| Low1 | 3/23 (13%) | 1/18 (6%) | 3/16 (19%) | 0.79 |
| Middle2 | 12/23 (52%) | 11/18 (61%) | 7/16 (44%) | |
| High3 | 8/23 (35%) | 6/18 (31%) | 6/16 (38%) | |
| Family structure according to parents | ||||
| Good | 13/23 (57%) | 13/16 (81%) | 0.22 | |
| Average | 10/23 (43%) | 4/18 (22%) | 3/16 (19%) | |
| Subject data ADHD | ||||
| Diagnosed ADHD before start few-foods approach | 20/23 (87%) | 11/18 (61%) | 9/16 (56%) | 0.07 |
| Receiving Care as Usual! | 16/23 (70%) | 13/18 (72%) | 11/16 (69%) | 1.00 |
| Receiving complementary therapy$ | 7/23 (30%) | 7/18 (39%) | 4/16 (25%) | 0.72 |
| Subject following elimination diet* | ||||
| Followed diet previous to start few-foods approach | 7/23 (30%) | 4/18 (22%) | 7/16 (44%) | 0.46 |
| Still followed elimination diet at start | 7/23 (30%) | 3/18 (17%) | 5/16 (31%) | 0.60 |
| Subject meeting DSM-IV-criteria at start few-foods approach | ||||
| ADHD combined type | 14/23 (61%) | 10/18 (56%) | 4/16 (25%) | 0.40 |
| ADHD inattentive type | 5/23 (22%) | 5/18 (28%) | 6/16 (38%) | |
| ADHD hyperactive-impulsive type | 2/23 (9%) | 2/18 (11% | 4/16 (25%) | |
| Not meeting ADHD criteria | 2/23 (9%) | 1/18 (6%) | 2/16 (13%) | |
| Oppositional defiant disorder | 12/23 (52%) | 9/18 (50%) | 8/16 (50%) | 1.00 |
| Subject data psychoactive drugs | ||||
| Taking drugs at start few-foods approach | 12/23 (52%) | 8/18 (44%) | 7/16 (44%) | 0.84 |
| Short-acting methylphenidate@ | 4/12 (34%) | 3/8 (38%) | 3/7 (43%) | 1.00 |
| Long-acting methylphenidate | 7/12 (58%) | 5/8 (62%) | 4/7 (57%) | |
| Dexamphetamine | 1/12 (8%) | 0/8 (0%) | 0/7 (0%) |
Data are number of subjects (%) or mean (SD). ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. #Data missing of 16 children; IQ never assessed. 1Low education=both parents lower vocational education, 2middle education=at least one of the parents intermediate vocational education, 3high education=at least one of the parents has a university degree.!Care as usual=psychoactive drugs and/or psychological interventions (behavioral or cognitive training, parent training). $Complementary therapy=homeopathy, bioresonance, fish oil, supplements. *Child is adhering to some elimination diet prescribed by a therapist or on parents’ own account. @Two children were both on diet and taking methylphenidate at start.