Table 4.

Effect of elevated levels of CO₂ on colonization, conidia and fibrosin bodies of S. fuliginea, cuticular traits, physiological and biochemical parameters of pumpkin inoculated with the powdery mildew fungus.

CO2 Concentrations (ppm)	S. fuliginea.	Colonization (%)	Trans piration (mmol H2O m-2 s−1)	Stomatal Conductance (mol m-2 s−1)	Phenolic contents (µg g−1 fresh leaf)	Carotenoids (µg g−1 fresh leaf)	Conidial size (µm)		Fibrosin bodies/conidia	Trichomes /cm2	Stomata/cm2	Size of stomatal aperture (µm)	Trichome length (µm)
							length	width
Control (ambient)	Un Inoculated		1.919	1.323	121.10	32.51				121.01	101.33	6.24	101.46
400			1.844	1.271	119.33	32.87				123.67	103.26	5.89	109.68
500			1.723	1.188	118.00	35.08				130.09	108.93	5.02	118.54
600			1.668	1.150	116.22	29.84				134.2	112.37	4.93	121.48
Control	Inoculated	53.27	2.084	1.437	128.55	35.83	27.34	11.52	5.91	112.66	94.34	6.98	97.36
400		55.13	2.009	1.385	136.36	29.97	28.21	11.89	6.10	117.02	97.99	6.27	99.45
500		61.05	1.888	1.302	138.20	32.09	28.30	11.92	6.12	122.22	102.34	5.84	106.23
600		59.29	1.833	1.263	140.10	32.77	28.38	11.96	6.13	125.25	104.88	5.32	111.54
LSD (P ≤ 0.05)
Treatment		—	0.04	0.03	2.47	1.12	—	—	—	2.61	2.47	0.12	2.28
CO2Level		2.61	0.05	0.04	3.5	1.59	1.01	0.69	1.14	3.69	3.5	0.17	3.23
CO2Level:Treatment		—	0.08	0.06	4.95	2.24	—	—	—	5.22	4.95	0.24	4.57

Each value is mean of 5 replicates. Ambient ~375 ppm CO₂.