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. 2020 Mar 19;11:1453. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-15277-x

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a, d Peri-event histograms for example SCN VIP (a) and extra-SCN VIPⁱⁿ (d) cells identified in pMEA recordings from VIP-Arch slices by 10s yellow light steps applied to the SCN region (565 nm, 140 mW/mm² at fibre tip; means of ~300 trials). b, e Example spontaneous firing activity from optogenetically identified SCN VIP (b) and extra-SCN VIPⁱⁿ cells (e), from slices prepared during late (top panels) or early (bottom panels) projected day (traces correspond to units in a, d). c, f Mean ± SEM normalised, peak aligned, 24 h firing profiles of SCN VIP (c) and extra-SCN VIPⁱⁿ neurons (f) under baseline conditions and during Arch activation. g Mean ± SEM durations of rising and falling phase of the daily peak (time to <half-max) for SCN VIP and extra-SCN VIPⁱⁿ neurons under baseline conditions and during Arch activation. Data for each class was analysed by multilevel mixed-effects linear model (VIP cells—Arch effect: F_1,43.72 = 32.94, P > 0.001; Rising vs. falling phase: F_1,4.761 = 0.03, P = 0.86; Interaction: F_1,43.72 = 0.47, P = 0.50; VIPⁱⁿ cells—Arch effect: F_1,36.58 = 5.77, P = 0.02; Rising vs. falling phase: F_1,18.72= 0.004, P = 0.95; Interaction: F_1,36.58 = 0.22, P = 0.64). h, i Mean ± SEM Arch-driven change in firing rate (h) and firing rate modulation (i; (Arch-spontaneous)/(Arch+spontaneous)) for SCN VIP (blue) and extra-SCN VIPⁱⁿ (purple) neurons across different quartiles of the cells’ daily firing rhythm. In both cases data for each class analysed by multilevel mixed-effects linear model (h VIP cells: F_3,38.66 = 7.26, P = 0.001; VIPⁱⁿ cells: F_3,21.88 = 5.68, P = 0.005; i VIP cells: F_3,15.05 = 0.30, P = 0.88; VIPⁱⁿ cells: F_3,139.99 = 4.67, P = 0.004).Tukey’s post-tests were applied where ANOVA reported a significant effect; *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001.