Table 4.
Empirical Antimicrobial Therapy and Outcomesa
| Therapy and outcomes | VBC-CAP (n = 57) | V-CAP (n = 98) | B-CAP (n = 968) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time to antimicrobial therapy initiation (hours, IQR) | 4 (3–6) | 5 (3–7) | 4 (3–6) | .885 |
| Empirical Antibiotic Therapy | ||||
| Beta-lactam monotherapy | 8 (14.03%) | 8 (8.16%) | 32 (34.97%) | <.001 |
| Beta-lactam + fluoroquinolone | 31 (54.38%) | 45 (45.91%) | 431 (44.52%) | <.001 |
| Fluoroquinolone | 8 (14.03%) | 30 (30.61%) | 56 (5.78%) | <.001 |
| Beta-lactam + macrolide | 1 (1.75%) | 1 (1.02%) | 34 (3.51%) | <.001 |
| Macrolide monotherapy | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.1%) | .921 |
| Broad-spectrum antibiotics | 2 (3.51%) | 6 (6.12%) | 68 (7.02%) | .534 |
| Others | 1 (1.75%) | 3 (3.06%) | 41 (4.23%) | .281 |
| Empirical oseltamivir therapy | 32 (56.12%) | 72 (73.56%) | 71 (3.63%) | <.001 |
| Antibiotic de-escalation | 35 (61.4%) | 57 (58.2%) | 171 (65.7%) | .283 |
| Complications | 17 (29.8%) | 30 (30.6%) | 267 (27.6%) | .956 |
| Respiratory distress | 12 (21.10%) | 19 (19.4%) | 91 (9.4%) | <.001 |
| Pleural effusion | 3 (5.3%) | 4 (4.1%) | 57 (5.9%) | .755 |
| Nosocomial infection | 2 (3.5%) | 8 (8.2%) | 23 (1.7%) | .005 |
| Acute cardiac event | 3 (5.3%) | 14 (14.3%) | 95 (9.8%) | .177 |
| Confusion | 1 (1.8%) | 5 (5.1%) | 32 (3.3%) | .505 |
| Renal failure | 5 (8.8%) | 2 (2%) | 47 (4.9%) | .165 |
| Acute hepatitis | 0 | 0 | 11 (1.1%) | .411 |
| Septic shock | 5 (8.8%) | 5 (5.1%) | 44 (4.6%) | .349 |
| ICU admission | 18 (31.6%) | 31 (31.6%) | 171 (12.8%) | <.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 11 (19.3%) | 13 (13.4%) | 69 (3.1%) | <.001 |
| Time to clinical stability (days, IQR) | 5 (2–11.5) | 5 (2–9) | 4 (2–7) | .870 |
| Relapse | 1 (1.8%) | 4 (4.4%) | 37 (4%) | .687 |
| 30-day case-fatality rate | 2 (3.5%) | 3 (3.1%) | 101 (6.3%) | .232 |
Abbreviations: B-CAP, bacterial community-acquired pneumonia; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; V-CAP, viral CAP; VBC-CAP, viral and bacterial coinfection CAP.
aProportions were calculated as percentages of patients with available data.