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. 2019 Nov 18;32(2):192–202. doi: 10.1177/1040638719886567

Table 1.

Typing of Clostridium novyi.

Type Main toxin(s)
Disease
Alpha Beta
A +++ Gas gangrene (humans and animals)
B ++ + Infectious necrotic hepatitis
C No known disease association
D (or C. haemolyticum) +++ Bacillary hemoglobinuria

− = no toxin produced; + to +++ = increasing amount of toxin produced.