Table 2.
Patient characteristics of the MIP-Rea cohort subset according to cluster affiliation described in the “Results” section (validation phase)
| Variable | Cluster 1 (n = 60) | Cluster 2 (n = 40) | Total (n = 100) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Gender (male) | 40 (67) | 27 (68) | 67 (67) | 1.000 |
| Age (years) | 71 [58–77] | 67 [61–76] | 70 [59–77] | 0.830 |
| Admission data | ||||
| SAPSII | 62 [52–74] | 66 [48–72] | 63 [51–73] | 0.530 |
| Glasgow score | 14 [9–15] | 14 [8–15] | 14 [8–15] | 0.167 |
| SOFA Score day 1 | 12 [10–14] | 10 [8–12] | 12 [9–14] | 0.103 |
| SOFA Score day 3 | 11 [8–14] | 8 [6–11.00] | 9 [7–13] | 0.003 |
| SOFA Score day 6 | 8 [5–11] | 5 [3–7] | 6 [4–10] | < 0.001 |
| Primary site of infection | 0.735 | |||
| Pulmonary | 31 (52) | 24 (60) | 55 (55) | |
| Abdominal | 14 (23) | 7 (18) | 21 (21) | |
| Other | 15 (25) | 9 (23) | 24 (24) | |
| Type of primary infection | 1.000 | |||
| Community acquired | 40 (67) | 26 (65) | 66 (66) | |
| Hosrpital acquired | 20 (33) | 14 (35) | 34 (34) | |
| Type of detection | 0.061 | |||
| Clinical+imaging | 9 (15) | 8 (20) | 17 (17) | |
| Clinical+surgery | 2 (3) | 3 (8) | 5 (5) | |
| Microbiology | 48 (80) | 24 (60) | 72 (72) | |
| Suspected | 1 (2) | 5 (13) | 6 (6) | |
| Hydrocortisone | 47 (81) | 21 (53) | 68 (68) | 0.005 |
| Hematology on day 3 | ||||
| White cells (109/L) | (n = 60) | (n = 39) | (n = 99) | < 0.001 |
| 16.3 [11.8–21.1] | 11 [8.6–15.6] | 14.7 [9.9–18.7] | ||
| Neutrophils (109/L) | (n = 47) | (n = 30) | (n = 77) | < 0.001 |
| 15.4 [11.1–19.7] | 8.9 [7–13.2] | 13 [8.6–17.2] | ||
| Lymphocytes (109/L) | (n = 47) | (n = 30) | (n = 77) | 0.001 |
| 0.7 [0.4–0.8] | 1 [0.7–1.1] | 0.8 [0.6–1] | ||
| Platelets (109 /L) | (n = 60) | (n = 39) | (n = 99) | < 0.001 |
| 94.5 [54.8–147.3] | 170 [105–242.5] | 119 [72–200] | ||
| Molecular markers | ||||
| CD74 ratio (D3/D1; CNRQ) | 0.97 [0.59–1.34] | 1.60 [1.03–1.96] | 1.21 [0.68–1.69] | < 0.001 |
| HLA-DRA day 3 (CNRQ) | 0.20 [0.14–0.30] | 0.50 [0.37–0.79] | 0.31 [0.18–0.55] | < 0.001 |
| CX3CR1 day 3 (CNRQ) | 0.13 [0.08–0.22] | 0.42 [0.28–0.65] | 0.21 [0.10–0.39] | < 0.001 |
| S100A9 day 3 (CNRQ) | 11.34 [7.28–15.58] | 6.47 [5.05–8.66] | 8.80 [6.03–13.26] | < 0.001 |
| Outcomes | ||||
| Secondary infection | 16 (16) | 10 (10) | 26 (26) | 0.852 |
| Hospital length of stay (days) | 25 [17–48] | 35 [20–56] | 29 [18–54] | 0.241 |
| ICU length of stay (days) | 15 [10–20] | 13 [9–22] | 14 [10–21] | 0.319 |
| Non survivors on day 28 | 16 (27) | 7 (18) | 23 (23) | 0.410 |
Categorical variables are expressed as n(%) and continuous variables as median [Q1–Q3]. Comparisons between two clusters were performed with the chi-squared test for qualitative variables and Mann-Whitney test for quantitative variables, as appropriate. Values in bold indicate significance at P < 0.05. ICU intensive care unit, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, SAPS Simplified Acute Physiology Score, D day, CNRQ Calibrated Normalized Relative Quantities